Magunguna
CDC ta bada jerin sunayen maganin alurar riga kafi a matsayin mafi girma ga lafiyar jama'a a cikin karni na 20.
Ƙungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya ta kuma kira alurar rigakafi "daya daga cikin maganganun lafiya na jama'a da ya fi dacewa da cin hanci," wanda ke taimakawa wajen hana "mutuwar yara kimanin miliyan 2.5 a kowace shekara a dukkanin kungiyoyi masu zuwa daga diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (coughing), da kuma kyanda. "
Magunguna na iya yin haka sosai, ko da yake.
Ƙara yawan alurar riga kafi zai iya taimakawa wajen hana:
- Cututtuka a cikin yara miliyan 24 a duniya waɗanda ba su da damar yin amfani da jerin maganin rigakafi na yau da kullum da suka kamata su yi kafin su juya watanni 12
- Mutuwar yara miliyan 1.3 da kananan yara daga cutar pneumococcal da rotavirus
- Kimanin 200,000 mutuwar kyanda
- Akalla mutane 49,000 ne suka mutu daga neonatal tetanus
- Ci gaba da cutar polio a Afghanistan da Pakistan
Kuma sababbin maganin alurar rigakafi na iya taimakawa wajen sarrafa sauran cututtuka da sababbin, barazana masu tasowa.
Alurar rigakafi
Samun ilimi da kuma samun gaskiyar game da alurar rigakafi da kuma guje wa maganin alurar rigakafi zai taimaka wajen tabbatar da maganin alurar riga kafi da lafiya daga cututtuka na rigakafi :
- A lokacin da suka fara makaranta, yawancin yara masu bin tsarin rigakafi na yanzu zasu kai kimanin 35 na asibiti guda 10 (ciki har da maganin alurar rigakafi na shekara guda), amma watakila kamar 'yan wasa 20 ne idan sun samo rigakafin haɗi , kamar Pediarix (DTaP-HepB-IPV) ko Pentacel (DTaP-IPV-Hib), Kinrix (DTaP-IPV), da Proquad (MMR-Var), da dai sauransu, da kuma ƙwararrun Flumist suna yaduwa bayan sun kasance shekaru biyu.
- Kodayake kayi kokarin gwada maganin rigakafi bisa ga tsarin rigakafin da aka bada shawarar, maganin alurar rigakafin yawanci yana ƙidayawa, koda kuwa an ba su har zuwa kwanaki hudu da wuri.
- Kwayoyin magani na rayuwa , kamar MMR da Varivax, ya kamata a ba su a lokaci guda ko akalla kwanaki 28 baya.
- Yawancin lokaci baza ka sake farawa kan jerin maganin alurar riga kafi ba idan ka yi jinkiri don samun kashi na gaba ko ƙarshe a cikin jerin maganin alurar riga kafi.
- Hanyoyin maganin rigakafi marasa kyau na Thimerosal na zamani sun samo tun daga shekara ta 2001. Ko da cutar rigakafi yanzu an samo shi a matsayin mai harba ba tare da an hana shi ba.
- Thimerosal a maganin alurar rigakafi bai taba dangantaka da autism ba.
- Koda tare da kawar da thimerosal, akwai sauran maganin alurar rigakafi da masu kiyayewa a wasu maganin da zasu taimake su suyi aiki mafi kyau, ciki har da formaldehyde da aluminum. Yawancin mutanen da suka rage yawan su daga hanyar maganin alurar riga kafi, wasu kuma, kamar formaldehyde, sun kasance ƙasa da adadin da aka samo a cikin yara.
- Ko da yake ba a ba wa yara ba, maganin alurar da ba su da wani ɓangare na shirin rigakafin rigakafinmu na samuwa don karewa daga wasu cututtuka na rigakafin cututtuka, irin su ciwon kwalara, zazzabi na fari, typhoid, rabies, tarin fuka (BCG), shingles, da Jakadan Japan (JE), da dai sauransu.
- Ba za ku iya samun mura daga mura ba. Babu wanda aka hana (ya kashe) mura ko kuma mai sanyi, wanda aka raunana (ya raunana) cutar da ke dauke da kwayar cutar za ta iya haifar da rashin lafiya a cikin wadanda suke samun su.
- Alurar rigakafi ba su ƙunshi daskare ba.
- Rahotanni na Lancet da Andrew Wakefield ya taimaka wajen fara jin tsoro game da haɗin da ke tsakanin maganin alurar da kuma autism wanda wasu masu bincike ba su sake rikicewa ba, an gano su kuma an samo su ne bisa binciken bincike na yaudara.
- Cikakken (syncope) zai iya faruwa, yawanci a cikin mintina 15 na alurar riga kafi, musamman ma a cikin yara suna samun HPV, Tdap, da maganin meningococcal, abin da ya sa yara ke ba da shawara cewa ya kamata matasa su zauna ko kwance a lokacin alurar riga kafi kuma ya kamata a kiyaye shi tsawon minti 15 bayan da za a iya yin fim.
- Lokacin da matakan rigakafi ya bar tsakanin 1989 zuwa 1991, cutar kyanda ta karu zuwa matakan da aka gani tun lokacin da aka rigaya lasisin kyanda, tare da kamu 55,467 a cikin shekaru uku, 11,251 asibiti, da kuma mutuwar 166. Sakamakon cutar kyanda da sauri ya sake komawa bayan yaduwar cutar alurar riga kafi ya kara yawan yawan yara.
- Fiye da 80 alurar riga kafi na 'yan takara suna cikin matakai na gwajin gwaji, ciki har da alurar rigakafin cutar malaria da cutar dengue.
Mene ne kuma kana bukatar ka san game da maganin alurar riga kafi don samun yara kajin alurar riga kafi?
Magungunan rigakafin rigakafi
Magunguna da aka ba wa yara bisa ga tsarin rigakafi na yau da kullum sun kare su daga cututtuka 16 na rigakafin rigakafi, ciki har da cututtuka da aka haifar da:
- Varicella cutar - pox / shingles kaza
- Ciwon kwari
- Flu
- Hib - Haemophilus influenzae type b
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Human papillomavirus cutar (HPV)
- Matakan
- Neisseria meningitidis (kwayoyin meningococcal)
- Mumps
- Pertussis (wanka mai yalwa)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (kwayoyin pneumococcal)
- Polio
- Rotavirus
- Rubella
- Tetanus
Ba kamar kanananpo ba, babu wani daga cikin wadannan cututtuka da aka hana rigakafi.
Kodayake sau da yawa a Amurka, ƙananan annobar cutar kyanda suna karuwa, kuma mun ga rikodin cutar cutar kyanda a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da yawancin lokuta a cikin yara da iyayensu suka ki sun yi maganin rigakafi. ya zama na kowa, kuma mun ga rikodin yawan annobar cutar kyanda a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da yawancin lokuta a cikin yara da iyaye suka ki su yi musu alurar riga kafi.
Sauran annobar annobar cutar ta rigakafi sun hada da:
- Binciken da ke faruwa a California da kuma sauran jihohi
- Sakamakon cutar annoba a jihohi da dama, wanda kusan kusan tayi uku ne a lokuta da suka kamu da cutar kyanda a shekara ta 2008 zuwa adadin mutane 140, da dama da aka danganta da wasu 'yan kananan yara da suka fita daga Amurka, kuma yayin da kananan yara da ba su da lafiya ba sun kamu da cutar kyanda. wannan fashewa, shi ma ya shafi yara da yawa da yawa don samun maganin rigakafin MMR duk da haka. Wadannan annobar annobar cutar ta cutar ta ci gaba, tare da shekarar 2011 ya zama wani tarihin rikodi, fiye da lamarin 220, mafi yawancin shekaru 15.
- Mumps annobar a Iowa (2006) da New York da kuma New Jersey (2009)
Yawan yara masu rigakafi suna yin rashin lafiya a wasu lokuta, musamman idan aka bayyana su kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta kamar mumps, wanda maganin ya zama 76 zuwa 95% kawai, koda bayan bayanin biyu, amma haɗarin yara da basu da maganin rigakafi mafi girma.
Wanda ke kaiwa ga ɗaya daga cikin maganin alurar rigakafi mafi kyau: yara ba tare da ladabi ba zasu iya sanya wasu yara masu hadarin samun maganin alurar rigakafi, ko dai saboda sun kasance da yarinya don yin maganin alurar riga kafi, ba za a iya maganin alurar riga kafi ba, ko kuma saboda maganin su ba ya aiki .
Samun Ilimi. Samun magani. Dakatar da annobar cutar.
Sources:
Harkokin Kasuwancin Harkokin Ilimin Harkokin Ilimin Harkokin Ilmin {asashen Amirka. Taron Yaduwar Yara da Yarar Yarar Yarar Yarada - Amurka, 2011. Fediatrics. 2011; 127; 387-388.
CDC. Rashin kuskure game da cututtuka na cututtuka da ƙwayoyin cuta. Samun shiga Fabrairu 2011.
CDC. Gudanar da Harkokin Gurasar Lafiya na Jama'a-Aiki a Amsawa ga Rushewar Ƙungiya a cikin Makarantun Sakandaren-Yara - Amurka, 1989-1991. MMWR. 24 ga Yuli, 1992/41 (29); 522-525.
> Sanarwar Kwaskwarima game da rigakafi. Shawara daga kwamitin Shawara kan Dokar rigakafi (ACIP). MMWR. Janairu 28, 2011/60 (RR02); 1-60.
> Kreesten M. Madsen. Thimerosal da kuma Yauwar Autism: Shaidun Yanayin Hanyoyin Ciniki Daga Bayanin Dan Adam Masu Mahimmanci. Pediatrics, Satumba 2003; 112: 604 - 606.
Sashen --- Amurka, Janairu 1 - Afrilu 25, 2008. MMWR. Mayu 1, 2008/57 (Saki na Farko); 1-4.
> Paul A. Offit, MD. Yin magana da damuwa na iyaye: Shin maganin rigakafi yana dauke da masu haɗari maras kyau, Adjuvants, Additives, ko Abubuwa? PEDIATRICS Vol. 112 A'a. 6 Disamba 2003, shafi na 1394-1397.
WHO. Jihar maganin alurar rigakafi da rigakafin duniya. Bita na uku. 2009.