10 Yarda da Yarinyar Yaranka

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10 Gurasar da aka ba da shawarar ga dukan yara

Sun ce lokacin yana jin daɗin haƙuri. A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, na yi haƙuri a kan yadda ake yin maganin rigakafi a cikin rubuce-rubucen da na rubuta kuma na ƙaddara ire-iren magunguna a ko'ina. Kowane likita da likita na likita wanda na sadu yana goyon bayan muhimmancin karfafawa wasu su yi alurar riga kafi da kuma yada saƙo. Cibiyar CDC , WHO, da kuma kula da kiwon lafiya a duniya (tunanin Pulse Polio Programmes a Indiya) sun yi maganin alurar riga kafi.

A ƙarshe, magungunan maganin alurar riga kafi ya juya, kuma mafi yawan mutane sun san abin da ke faruwa idan muka ƙi yin alurar riga kafi (duba kyanda a aljanna AKA Disneyland). Don haka a cikin "bari mu sami maganin alurar riga kafi", ina so in raba ku da maganin alurar riga kafi guda goma da CDC ta bayar da shawarar farawa a cikin yara kimanin watanni 24 ko m.

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Alurar riga kafi # 1: Hepatitis B

Ba kamar sauran alurar riga kafi ba, an ba da rigakafin hepatitis B a haihuwa . A tsarin CDC, an ba 3 allurai ta tsawon watanni 18. Wannan tsari na rigakafi ya fara ne a 1991, don haka idan an haifi ko ƙaunatacca kafin 1991, to, har yanzu a yi maganin alurar riga kafi!

Hepatitis B shine lambar da take haifar da gazawar cutar hanta, kuma rashin cin zarafin hanta ya kashe. 'In ji Nuff.

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Alurar riga kafi # 2: Rotavirus

A rotavirus alurar riga kafi ya zo a cikin 2 dandano: Rotarix da RotaTeq. Ana ba Rotarix a cikin 2 allurai a 2 ko 4 watanni. RotaTeq an ba shi a cikin 3 allurai a 2, 4 da 6 watanni. Ko da tare da alurar riga kafi, yaron zai iya kama rotavirus.

Rotavirus yana haifar da cututtukan ruwa mai zafi, ciwo na ciki, zazzabi, asarar ci da kuma ciwon ciki. Kodayake yana rinjayar manya, ma, ya sa yara yafi wuya. Don yin batutuwa muni, sau ɗaya ka kama rotavirus sau daya, zaka iya kama shi kuma.

Kana son sanin yadda likitoci (da kuma masu jinya) suka tuna cewa cutar ta ROTA tana haifar da cututtuka? "Cutar Anus". Nuna mani likitan likita, kuma zan nuna maka tafiya ƙamus.

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Alurar riga kafi # 3: Diphteria, Tetanus, da Pertussis Acellular (DTaP)

Ana ba da rigakafin DTaP a cikin 5 allurai ga yara masu shekaru 2 zuwa 6.

DTaP yana cikin barazana guda uku da alurar riga kafi akan Diphtheria, T etanus, da kuma P ertussis. Abin sha'awa, DTaP za a iya haɗuwa da shi don maganin alurar rigakafi da H aemophilus na nfluenza Type b (Hib), Polio da ba shi da karfi da kuma Hepatitis B.

Dipheria wani mummunar cuta ne na kwayar cuta wadda za a iya kama shi daga wani mutum wanda yake sneezes ko tari ko kuma daga fomite (fomite jaridar likita ce ga wani abu marar kyau kamar abun wasa, sabulu ko tawul). Cigaba zai haifar da ciwon makogwaro, zazzabi, rauni da kuma ƙwayar lymph a cikin wuyansa.

Tetanus yana haifar da kwayoyin Clostridium kuma yana buɗaɗɗen ƙuƙwalwar ƙwayarku duka tare da yatsunku ("lockjaw"). Kwayoyin Clostridium sun shiga cikin jiki ta hanyar zurfin lalacewa kuma suna rayuwa a cikin ƙasa (tunanin yin tasowa a kan tsofaffin ƙusa).

Tsare-tsaren ko tsohuwar tari zai zama kamuwa da cuta na kwayan cuta wanda yake da matukar damuwa. Kodayake sau da yawa, tsohuwar tari yana kara zama a Amurka. Tashin yatsan yana haifar da rashin tabbas (paroxysmal) ya dace da tari. Wadannan maganin ya yi daidai yana da wuyar ɗaukar numfashi. Lokacin da mutum ya dauki numfashi, ya kara da cewa "wanda" ya yi magungunan sutura. Abin sha'awa shine, an samu pertussis daga Latin da - ma'anar "musamman" da -tussis ma'anar "tari" saboda "matsanancin tari."

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Alurar riga kafi # 4: Haemophilus mura type b (Hib)

Samun maganin cutar haemophilus type b (Hib) yana da rikitarwa. Da farko, akwai wasu maganin maganin alurar da zai iya buƙatar har zuwa 4 allurai farawa a farkon makonni 6 da ƙarewa a watanni 15. Na biyu, idan yaron yana da wata cuta ta rashin ƙarfi ga duk wani dalili (HIV, chemotherapy ko sauransu), karin samfuran zai zama dole.

Kodayake hib shine mafi mahimmanci matsalar daga hangen nesa, Haemophilus ya zo cikin batutuwan 6: a, b, c, d, e da f. Ga duk abin da kuke da shi a can, Haemophilus shine kwayar halitta ta farko don ta samu kwayar halitta.

Duk da sunansa, cutar Haemophilus baya haifar da mura. Hib zai iya haifar da ciwon ƙwayar cuta, cututtukan jiki (cututtuka fata) da kuma epiglottitis (magungunan cutar da ke rufe filin jirgin sama). Hib yana damun yara sosai.

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Alurar riga kafi # 5: Connegate Pneumococcal

CDC yana bada shawarar 2 nau'i na pneumococcal vaccinations: PCV13 da PPSV23. Ana bayar da rigakafin PCV13 ga dukan yara, kuma ana bada shawarar PPSV23 ga wasu ƙananan haɗari da kuma manya shekaru 65 da haihuwa. Bugu da ƙari, an ba PPSV23 bayan shekaru 2; alhãli kuwa, an bayar da PCV13 a cikin allurai 4 wanda zai fara a watanni 2 da ƙarshe a watanni 15.

Kwayoyin cutar pneumococcal sun kariya daga pneumococcus, kwayoyin da zasu iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta. Musamman, pneumococcus zai iya haifar da:

• babban ciwon huhu
• kunnen cututtuka
• cututtuka na sinus
• meningitis
• kwayar cutar (cutar shan jini)

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Alurar riga kafi # 6: Bautar Poliovirus ba

Ana yin maganin alurar rigakafi a cikin allurai 4 daga watanni 2 zuwa har shekaru 6.

Ko da yake yawanci a yawancin kasashen Yammacin duniya, cutar shan-inna ko kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar cutar shan inna har yanzu suna cikin kasashe masu tasowa inda yawancin mutane ke maganin alurar riga kafi.

Kamar yadda yawancin mu san, a wasu cututtukan cututtukan polio yana haifar da ciwo mai zurfi kamar ƙananan rauni da nakasasshen.

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Alurar riga kafi # 7: Ruwa

Ga yara masu zuwa tsakanin watanni 6 da 8, an ba da alurar rigakafi kowace shekara a cikin daya ko biyu allurai (rabu da akalla makonni 4). Ga wadanda suka tsufa fiye da shekaru 7, an ba maganin a kowace shekara.

Cutar rigakafi na karewa zai kare mu daga mura. Rashin ruwa yana da matukar damuwa kuma yana yadawa a cikin iska na wurare masu yawa kamar wuraren kula da rana. Sau da yawa, yara za su kawo cutar a gida su kuma harba wasu 'yan uwa da iyaye. Flu zai iya haifar da asibiti a wasu lokuta ko, mafi wuya, mutuwa.

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Alurar riga kafi # 8: Tsarin, Mumps da Rubella (MMR)

An riga an bada maganin rigakafi, m umps da r ubella (MMR) a cikin 2 allurai: daya kashi a watanni 12 zuwa 15 kuma kashi ɗaya a 4 zuwa 6 shekaru.

Rashin ƙwayar cuta ce mai cututtuka wanda ke ɓarna a wurare masu yawa kamar wuraren shakatawa da wasanni. Rashin kamuwa da cutar kyanda yana haifar da zazzabi, ƙwaƙwalwar hanci, ciwon makogwaro, raguwa da sauransu. A wasu, matsalolin da ke faruwa a baya kamar ciwon huhu da ƙwayoyin cuta (kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa) na iya zama m.

A mumps cutar sa daban-daban m bayyanar cututtuka ciki har da zazzabi, ciwon kai, gajiya da kuma kumburi ko kumburi na salivary gland. Mumps kuma zai iya kamuwa da kwayoyin halitta da kuma haifar da ƙonewa (orchitis) ko ƙonewa. Idan mai yiwuwa irin wannan kullun bai isa ya shawo ka ka yi alurar riga kafi, yi la'akari da cewa orchitis zai iya haifar da rashin lafiya a wani lokaci.

Kamuwa da cuta ta rubella ba shi da inganci da gajeren lokaci. A cikin rabin rabin wadanda ke fama da cutar, rubella yana haifar da raguwa, wanda ya fara a fuskar kuma ya yada ga sauran jikin. Kumburi da gland to baya na wuyansa da kuma kai (na baya bayanan da suboccipital) bi rash. A cikin jariran da aka haife su don cutar da iyaye mata, cutar kututtuka ta fi tsanani kuma yana haifar da rubutun haihuwa wanda ya kamata a cire shi ta jiki.

Abin sha'awa, daga hangen nesa na tarihi, an fara ganin rubella ne a matsayin bambancin kyanda (Jamusanci) ko kuma zazzabi. (Don yin rikici, to wani lokacin ake kira rubaola kamar rubeola.) Bai kasance ba har zuwa tsakiyar karni 1900 cewa an gano rubutun cutar rubella kuma an san shi azaman mai zane-zane.

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Alurar riga kafi # 9: Varicella

An riga an yi maganin rigakafi na Varicella a cikin allurai 2: kashi ɗaya a watanni 12 zuwa 15 kuma kashi na biyu a shekaru 4 zuwa 6.

Binciken varicella zoster yana haifar da kaza da kuma shingles (zubin daji), da ciwo mai raɗaɗi da fata.

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Alurar riga kafi # 10: Hepatitis A

Ciwon rigakafin hepatitis A shine jerin jerin kashi biyu da aka ba tsakanin watanni 12 da 24. Dole ne a raba sassan biyu zuwa 6 zuwa 18 watanni.

Abin farin cikin, ba kamar hepatitis B da C, hepatitis A ba zai haifar da cututtukan hanta kuma yana da rauni. An samo yawanci a kasashe masu tasowa da yanayin tsabta marasa kyau inda, bisa ga WHO, kashi 90 cikin dari na yara suna kamuwa da su kafin shekaru 10.

Ciwon cututtuka na hepatitis A kamuwa da cuta zai iya kasancewa daga m zuwa mai tsanani, zazzaɓi, rashin tausayi na ciki, asarar ci abinci, ruguwar duhu da jaundice ko yellowing da fata da idanu.

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Alurar rigakafi: Hoto (Pun Totally Intended)

Sai dai a lokuta masu ban mamaki inda aka yi wa maganin rigakafi (tunani mai tsanani), duk muna bukatar mu yi alurar riga kafi don kare rayukanmu amma don kare wasu. Idan kai ko yaro ya rigaya ka yi alurar riga kafi, tuntuɓi likitanka saboda an riga an bada shawarar rigakafi da samuwa. Ko da ma ba ku da asibiti na kiwon lafiya, gwamnatin tarayya ta bada kuɗin rigakafin kuɗi ko kadan.

Alurar riga kafi yana da mahimmanci ga zaɓaɓɓu. Tabbas, zamu iya dogara da wasu don zabe dan takarar da muke so a ofishin kamar dai, saboda wasu amma ba dukkanin cututtuka ba, zamu iya dogara ga wasu sunyi alurar riga kafi don kiyaye mu (wani abu da aka sani da rigakafin garke). Duk da haka, yayin da sakamakon rashin aiki a cikin ka'idodin siyasa sune akida da na kasafin kudi, sakamakon sakamakon rashin maganin alurar rigakafi zai iya zama m.

Harkokin annobar cutar kai tsaye da ake iya haifar da ƙungiyoyi masu zanga-zangar a Amurka da sauran ƙasashen Yammacin da ke da tsarin kula da lafiyar su ne ainihin #firstworldproblem. (Kamar yadda Melinda Gates ya nuna game da HuffPost Live, iyaye a cikin kasashe masu tasowa suna tafiya 10 kilomita, a cikin zafi da yarinya a kan kiwo, don samun maganin alurar riga kafi, saboda sun san irin mutuwar da ake ciki.) Abin baƙin ciki, yawan adadi na mutane , bisa la'akari da shawarar likita mai ban sha'awa (kamar dan wasan Playboy, Jenny McCarthy, wanda aka fara daga The View bayan sa'a daya), ya ki yi wa 'ya'yansu alurar rigakafi saboda tsoron autism ko wasu kungiyoyi masu kirkiro. (Kada ku yi mini kuskure, Na yi amfani da Playboy kamar yadda na gaba.) A ƙarshe, wace shawara za ku ji: "shawara" daga maƙilcin jahilci ko shawara da ke wakiltar ƙwararrun likita na CDC da duk sauran hukumomin kiwon lafiya a duniya?

Sakamakon Zaɓuɓɓuka

Bonfante G, Rosenau AM. Babi na 134. Rashes a cikin jarirai da Yara. A: Tintinalli JE, Stapczynski J, Ma O, Cline DM, Cydulka RK, Meckler GD, T. eds. Magungunan gaggawa na Tintinalli: Jagoran Nazarin Nazari, 7th . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2011. Samun shiga Janairu 29, 2015.

Daley MF, O'Leary ST, Nyquist A. Alurar rigakafi. A cikin: Hay WW, Jr., Levin MJ, Deterding RR, Abzug MJ. eds. CURRENT Fahimtarwa & Jiyya: Ilimin likita na yara, 22e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2013. Samun shiga Janairu 28, 2015.

Kumar S, Qamar AA. Darasi na 38. Raunin Hanyar Maki. A cikin: Greenberger NJ, Blumberg RS, Burakoff R. eds. CURRENT ganewa & jiyya: Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Endoscopy, 2e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012. Samun shiga Janairu 28, 2015.

Murphy TF. Babi na 145. Haemophilus da Moraxella cututtuka. A: Longo DL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. Ka'idodin Magungunan Hoto na Harrison, 18th . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012. Samun shiga Janairu 29, 2015.

Pringle E, Graham EM. Babi na 15. Cutar da ke da alaƙa da cututtuka. A cikin: Riordan-Eva P, Cunningham ET, Jr.. Vaughan & Asbury's General Ophthalmology, 18th . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2011. Samun shiga Janairu 29, 2015.

Zimmerman LA, Reef SE. Babi na 193. Rubella (Yanayin Jamus). A: Longo DL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. Ka'idodin Magungunan Hoto na Harrison, 18th . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012. Samun shiga Janairu 29, 2015.