Shin yara ku a cikin hadari a lokacin fashewa?
Yawancin mutane sun fahimci cewa muna samun maganin rigakafi don kare 'ya'yan mu da kanmu daga cututtuka na rigakafi , wanda yakan haifar da cututtuka na rayuwa.
Alurar da muke samu ma kare kowa da ke kewaye da mu. Magunguna na rigakafi ya nuna cewa idan yawancin mutane ba su da wata cuta, to lallai ba zai yiwu kowa ya yi rashin lafiya ba kuma ya kama kowa a cikin garken, har da waɗanda ba a tsare su ba.
Kodayake mutane da yawa wadanda basu da alurar rigakafi da 'ya'yansu ko kansu suna da'awar cewa ba su cikin garken tumaki ko basu yarda da kariya ba a cikin garken, har yanzu suna. Su ne kawai mamba daga cikin garken da ke dogara ga sauran mu don kariya.
Maganar Anti-Vax da kuma ƙyama
Daya daga cikin maganganu masu ban sha'awa ko rashin fahimta cewa masu amfani da maganin rigakafi sunyi amfani da su don tabbatar da fara fashewa da cututtukan cututtuka na maganin alurar rigakafin cewa suna nuna cewa ƙananan yara ba tare da gangan ba su sa hatsari ga sauran mu saboda mun sami maganin alurarmu .
Suna yawan tunanin cewa kawai 'ya'yansu ne da ba su da kariya ba tare da kansu waɗanda zasu kasance cikin haɗari ga cututtuka na rigakafi, wanda sukan yi la'akari da cewa basu da haɗari, wani mummunan labari mai ban tsoro.
Abin baƙin cikin shine, saboda yawan ƙwayar cutar kyanda a Amurka suna nunawa, bambance-bambance ba gaskiya ba ne gaskiya.
A gaskiya, yayin da muke ci gaba da buga sababbin labaru, muna ganin:
- Yarinya waɗanda suka yi matukar yarinya don yin maganin alurar riga kafi sun kama su a cikin annobar cutar yayin da ake bayyana su a asibitin ko asibitin, inda mutumin da ke dauke da kyanda yana neman kula.
- Mutanen da ke fama da matsalolin tsarin maganin rigakafin da ba a nuna su ba, kamar yadda ya faru a Pittsburgh, lokacin da daliban kolejin da ke dauke da cutar kyanda zai iya bayyana game da marasa lafiya 100.
- Mutane suna fama da rikitarwa mai tsanani na kyanda, irin su mai kula da kiwon lafiya wanda ya bayar da rahotanni cike da ƙwayar cutar kyanda a lokacin babban cutar kyanda a Fort Worth.
Har ila yau, muna koyon yadda farashin da ake samu na cutar kyanda.
Akwai lokuta 220 na cutar kyanda a Amurka a 2011. Don dauke da 107 daga cikin wadannan lokuta a cikin annobar annoba 16, "yawan kuɗin da aka kiyasta don biyan bukatun jama'a ga ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya na gida da na jihar sun kasance daga $ 2.7 zuwa dala miliyan 5.3. daloli. "
To, wanene an sanya shi cikin hadarin lokacin da wani ya zaɓi kada ya yi alurar riga kafi?
Babban Haɗari - Too Young ya zama Wuta
Daga cikin kungiyoyin da ke mafi haɗari daga wadanda ba su da cikakkiyar haihuwa sune jarirai da yara waɗanda suke da matukar ƙananan yara don a yi musu alurar riga kafi.
Wadannan sau da yawa 'ya'yan iyaye ne suke shirya kan samun cikakken maganin alurar riga kafi, bayan bin tsarin rigakafin rigakafi na Cibiyar Ilimin Harkokin Ilmin Amirka, amma ba su da tsufa ba amma ana kiyaye su.
Wannan babban matsala ne da pertussis (tooping tari) lokacin da jarirai ba su fara samun kariya ba sai sun sami kashi na uku na maganin DTaP idan sun kasance watanni shida. A cikin babban cututtukan pertussis a California a shekarar 2010, daga cikin jarirai goma da suka mutu, tara sun kasance ba su da wata biyu ba.
Kuma mun ga wannan tare da kyanda, tun da yara ba su samu kashi na farko na rigakafin MMR ba sai sun kasance watanni goma sha biyu kuma ba a kiyaye su har sai sun sami kashi na biyu, a shekaru hudu. Ka tuna cewa yaran yara ya kamata su samo asali na MMR a baya idan suna tafiya daga Amurka.
Cututtuka na rigakafin cutar da ƙananan yara zasu iya zama cikin hadarin har sai sun isa isa samun maganin su na iya hada da:
- mura - kashi na farko na alurar rigakafi a watanni shida, tare da kashi biyu a wata daya daga bisani.
- pox na kaza - kamar kyanda, yara suna samun kashi na farko a shekaru goma sha biyu kuma kashi na biyu a shekaru hudu. Za a iya ba da kashi na biyu a farkon watanni uku bayan da aka fara farko, musamman ma idan an kwanta kwanan nan a cikin kwakwalwar kaza.
Yaranta yara suna cikin hadari don cutar shan inna, rubella, da mumps har sai sun isa isa su yi alurar riga kafi.
Idan akai la'akari da cewa akwai kimanin 4,000,000 haifa a kowace shekara a Amurka, wanda ya sa yawancin jarirai ke hadarin cutar kyanda, pertussis, da sauran cututtuka na rigakafin rigakafi.
Don kyanda, yayin da yara ba su da cikakken kariya har sai sun sami kashi na biyu na rigakafin MMR lokacin da suke kimanin shekaru 4, wannan na nufin karin karin yara 12,000,000 da masu kula da kwarewa suna iya fuskantar hadari.
Babban Haɗari - Kwayar Kwayoyin cuta mara kyau
Yara da manya da raunin rashin ƙarfi zasu iya fadawa wasu nau'o'i masu yawa, ciki har da waɗanda basu iya samun maganin alurar rigakafi saboda suna da nakasa marasa lafiya da kuma wadanda za'a iya maganin alurar rigakafi, amma basu da kariya ga kariya saboda sun ci gaba da rigakafi matsalar tsarin.
Kuma idan an yi musu maganin alurar riga kafi, dangane da irin nauyin da ake yi na rigakafi, maganin zai yiwu ba zai yi aiki ba.
Akwai akalla 180 nau'o'in nau'i na rashin lafiyar na farko da kuma sakandare na biyu. Daga cikin wadannan cututtuka na cuta wanda zai iya sanya yara cikin hadari ga wasu cututtuka na rigakafin maganin alurar rigakafi sun hada da:
- Tashin hankalin antibody - Magungunan Agammaglobulinemia na X, ƙananan rashin daidaituwa, nakasar IgA zabe, rashi na kasa-kasa IgG
- Halin ƙananan ƙwayar T-lymphocyte kuma cikakke - cututtuka mai tsanani na rashin daidaituwa (SCID), ciwo na DiGeorge, ciwo na Wiskott-Aldrich, ataxia-telangiectasia
- Dama a cikin aikin phagocyte - Labaran cutar granulomatous, leukocyte adhesion defect, da myeloperoxidase rashi
- HIV / AIDS
- Da yawa irin ciwon daji
- Transplants samun immunosuppressive far
- Cutar da ake bukata da maganin rigakafin steroid
Bisa ga Fashin Tsarin Rashin Jima'i, "Muna son ƙirƙirar 'kare lafiyar' marasa lafiya da ke kewaye da marasa lafiya da cututtukan marasa lafiya na farko don kada su sami damar kasancewa cikin kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani kamar cutar. '
Ya kamata ya zama ba wuya a ga cewa idan wasu yara ba sa ganganci ba su yin maganin alurar riga kafi ba, to lallai sun yi haɗari ga waɗannan yara tare da matsalolin tsarin tsarin.
Rahoton CDC na mutuwar wani yaron da ke cutar da cutar sankarar bargo ne wata alama ce mai ban mamaki game da yadda yara da matsaloli na tsarin cuta zasu iya zama babban haɗari daga cututtuka na rigakafi. Yarinyar mai shekaru hudu tare da ciwon cutar sankarar sankarar lymphoblastic mai tsanani (ALL) ya ci gaba da zazzabin zazzabi 22 kwana bayan an bayyana shi a cikin ƙoshin kaza da kuma bayan an fara wani zagaye na chemotherapy, wanda zai haifar da mummunan maganin rigakafi. An ba shi asibiti kuma ya mutu saboda yawancin gawar da aka samu a cikin 'yan kwanaki.
Kwamitin Shawarar Kwararrun Kula da Lafiyar Ƙwararrun Yanayi ya gargadi cewa "kara yawan cututtuka na cutar a cikin yawan yara, a wani bangare saboda karuwar yawan maganin alurar rigakafi kuma a wasu lokuta ya karu da asarar rigakafi, yana ƙara halayyar yara mara kyau."
Babban Haɗari - Baza a Cutar da Shi ba
Akwai kuma lokuta inda yarinya zai iya zama tsofaffi don a yi masa alurar riga kafi kuma yana da karfi mai karfi amma har yanzu ba zai iya samo wasu ko duk maganinsa ba.
Ko da yake ba na kowa ba, wanda aka fi sani da yaro zai kasance yaron da ke dauke da kwayar cutar ta hanyar barazana ga kwayar cutar ta gaba ko maganin maganin. Alal misali, idan kun yi barazanar barazana ga kwayoyin neomycin, to, kada ku yi alurar riga kafi tare da maganin rigakafi, polio, ko MMR.
Waɗannan su ne yara da ke da maganin lafiya don samun maganin alurar riga kafi.
Babban Haɗari - An rigaya da kuma Ba a Tsare Shi ba
Magunguna suna da tasiri.
Yayinda yawancin yara ke da shekaru biyu, an kare su daga cututtuka goma sha huɗu na cututtuka, har da diphtheria, Haemophilus influenzae irin b, kyanda, mumps, pertussis, da polio, da dai sauransu.
Wasu maganin alurar rigakafi sun fi tasiri fiye da wasu, duk da haka. Kwayar maganin cutar kyanda, alal misali, ya wuce 99 cikin tasiri wajen kare cutar kyanda bayan anyi. A gefe guda kuma, maganin alurar rigakafi na acellular kawai shine kimanin 80 zuwa 85% kawai.
Koda yaduwar cutar kyanda ta wuce 99% inganci, idan akwai kimanin yara 74,000,000 da matasa a cikin shekaru 18 da haihuwa a Amurka, wannan zai sa yara da dama su yi hadari daga mutanen da basu da alurar rigakafi.
Ko yana da wata mai shekaru 6 da ke zuwa ga likitancin yara don duba lafiyayyen yara, mai shekaru 6 da cutar sankarar bargowa zuwa asibiti don shan magani, ko kuma mai shekaru 16 da cutar mai yawan gaske, ya kamata a bayyana cewa mutane da yawa suna ba da gangan ba yayin da wani ya yanke shawara kada ya yi alurar riga kafi da yaran ko kuma yin amfani da tsarin rigakafin rigakafi.
Sources:
CDC. Bayanan kula daga filin: Varicella-Rahoton Mutuwa na Yara da Kanada Cutar Kanjamau - California, 2012. MMWR. Fabrairu 21, 2014/63 (07); 161-161.
Sanarwar Kwaskwarima game da rigakafi. Shawara daga kwamitin Shawara kan Dokar rigakafi (ACIP). MMWR. Janairu 28, 2011/60 (RR02); 1-60.
Cutar AIDS da Rigakafin Cututtuka na Cutar Da Cutar Kanjamau. Littafin Pink. Ɗauki na 12 na Fitarwa na Biyu.
Asusun Rashin Lantarki, Amurka. Rukunin IDF da Ciwon Gida da Kayan Aiki na Matsalar Farko ta Farko BABI NA HUƊU.
Kwamitin Shawarar Kwararrun Asibiti na Ƙungiyar Rashin Gida. Shawarwari don maganin rigakafi da kwayoyin cutar ta kwayoyin cuta a marasa lafiya da marasa lafiya da ƙananan lambobi. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.