Gwaran gwaje-gwajen da aka saba da su sune nau'i na gwaji wanda ya dace da ƙwarewar "al'ada" ga ɗayan ɗaliban ɗalibai na wannan zamani. Ta hanyar kwatanta ɗalibai ga juna, yana yiwuwa a tantance ko, ta yaya, da kuma matsayin digiri na musamman ɗalibai na gaba ko a baya na al'ada. Wadannan gwaje-gwaje na taimakawa don gano maganin ilmantarwa da kuma taimaka wa malamai na musamman da sauran masu sana'a su inganta tsarin shirin da ya kamata don dalibai da nakasa.
An gabatar da gwaje-gwaje ta al'ada ta hanyar ƙirƙirar gwajin sannan kuma su gudanar da jarabawar zuwa ƙungiyar dalibai waɗanda za a yi amfani dashi a matsayin tushen ma'auni. Ana amfani da hanyoyin ilimin lissafi don ƙayyade yadda za a fassara maƙasudin ƙididdigar kuma wane irin matakan wasan kwaikwayo ne aka sanya wa kowannensu.
Misalai
IQ gwaje-gwaje daya ne sanannun nau'i na jarrabawar al'ada. Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙwararrun Yara (WISC) da Stanford Binet-Intelligence Scale, da aka sani da jarrabawa Binet-Simon, misalai ne na gwaje-gwajen basirar mutum. Binciken WISC ya hada da harshe, alamar alama, da kuma tambayoyin da ke gudana yayin jarrabawar Stanford-Binet don taimakawa wajen bincikar dalibai da nakasa.
Gwaje-gwaje masu nasara guda-daya na taimaka wa ma'aikatan makaranta su iya auna ƙwarewar dalibai. Misalan irin waɗannan gwaje-gwaje shine gwajin gwagwarmayar Peabody Individual, gwajin Woodcock Johnson na Gwaran da Brigance Mafi Hadaddiyar Kasuwancin Matsaloli.
Gaba ɗaya, waɗannan gwaje-gwajen sun gwada basira kamar fasaha don daidaita hotuna da haruffa da kuma ƙwarewar karatu da ƙwarewar lissafi.
Ta yaya malamai da masu amfani suke amfani da gwaje-gwajen al'ada
Yawancin gwaje-gwaje sun samar da matsakaicin matsayi , wanda ya ba da damar kwatanta ƙananan dalibai zuwa wasu gwaje-gwaje. Sun amsa tambayoyi kamar su, "Shin nasarar da dalibin ya samu daidai yake da nasa?" Matsayin bambanci tsakanin waɗannan nau'o'i biyu na iya bayar da shawara ko yin sarauta akan rashin aiki na ilmantarwa .
Suna iya bayar da shawara ko yin sarauta da kyautai na ilimi a wasu yankuna.
Wasu gwaje-gwaje na al'ada ana fitowa a cikin saitunan aji. Sauran sun karɓa daga masu aikin likita ko likitoci a tsarin likita ko dakunan shan magani. Ana amfani da kimantawa mai kyau game da sakamakon gwajin, tare da sauran mahimman bayanai da jarabawa, don magance nakasawa ko jinkiri. A wasu lokuta, gwaje-gwaje na al'ada ya taimaka wajen ƙayyade cancanta don shirye-shirye na musamman na IDEA na musamman ko gyare-gyare da ɗakunan ajiya a karkashin Sashe na 504.
Da zarar shirin yaro ya kai mutum (IEP) ko shirin 504, dole ne a kula da ci gaban su. Masu ilmantarwa sunyi amfani da gwaje-gwaje na al'ada don kimanta tasirin koyarwa da kuma taimaka wajen ƙayyade ko akwai canje-canje.
Gwaje-gwajen da aka saba da shi a waje da Ilimi na Musamman
Ana amfani da gwaje-gwajen al'ada a waje na shirye-shiryen ilimi na musamman. Kwararrun sanannun gwaje-gwajen, irin su Test Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) ko Kwalejin Kwalejin Amirka (ACT), misalai ne. Irin waɗannan gwaje-gwaje za a iya amfani dasu don kwatanta ɗalibai a fadin yankuna, kungiyoyin launin fata ko na zamantakewa.
Ƙayyadaddun gwaji na al'ada
Gwaje-gwaje da aka saba da su a al'ada shine kawai hanya ɗaya don auna iyawar ɗalibai. Yawancin dalibai, tare da ba tare da nakasawa ba, suna da gwajin damuwa ko wasu al'amura waɗanda zasu iya haifar da su da rashin fahimtar gwaje-gwaje.
A wasu kalmomi, sakamakon binciken su bazai nuna cikakken damar su ba. Abin da ya sa yana da mahimmanci ga jami'an jami'a su yi amfani da takardun aiki na dalibai, lura da ɗalibai a cikin aji da wasu hanyoyi don tantance abubuwan da suke iya ba tare da gwaje-gwajen ba.