Ta yaya aka gano dyslexia? Waɗanne gwaje-gwaje ne ake buƙata kuma me ya kamata ka sani domin yaro ya cancanci aikin ilimi na musamman?
Bayani
Dyslexia yana daya daga cikin matsaloli masu yawa na karatu. Magana mai ma'ana, ƙwarewar ilmantarwa a karatun , ya haɗa da Dyslexia da wasu matsaloli na musamman. Yana yiwuwa ga dalibi na da alamun bayyanar cututtuka na Dyslexia wanda ke da matsala amma ba ta da katsewa-ko don samun alamun bayyanar da ke yin karatu da rubuce-rubucen kusan yiwuwa.
Alamun
Alamun Dyslexia sun bambanta kuma zasu iya hada da:
- Ganin haruffa baya
- Ganin kalmomi da haruffa suna tsalle a kan shafin
- Kasancewar kasa iya rarrabe irin waɗannan haruffa daga juna (d daga b, alal misali)
- Kasancewa iya haɗa haruffan haruffa ko haruffa haruffa tare da sautin haɗarsu
- Samun damar karanta kalmomi amma ba su iya fahimtar kalmomi yayin da aka karanta su ba
Dysgraphia
Abinda ya danganci juna, dysgraphia , ya haɗa da rashin iya rubuta kalmomi, rashin yiwuwar fahimtar dangantakar tsakanin kalmomi da kalmomi da aka rubuta, ko kuma hali don rubuta haruffa ba daidai ba. Mutane da lalata suna iya ko kuma bazai zama dyslexic ba. Akwai nau'i-nau'i guda uku: Dyslexic dysgraphia, dysgraphia motsa jiki, da kuma spatial dysgraphia. Tare da dysgraphic dysgraphia, rubutun da aka rubuta ba tare da izini ba ne amma ba kwafin rubutu bane.
Sanin asali
Dyslexia an gano shi ta yin amfani da cikakkiyar kimantawar da ake yiwa multifaceted.
Wannan ya hada da:
Gwajin Intelligence: Gwajin bincike shine jarrabawa mai muhimmanci wanda ke ba da cikakkiyar ilmantarwa wanda zai taimaka wajen rarrabe Dyslexia daga wasu yanayi.
Kwarewar Ilimin: Nazarin gwaje-gwaje na musamman shine wata hanya mai mahimmanci don karawa da ilmantar da yaronku.
Bayanin magana da kuma ilimin harshe: Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na magana da harshe waɗanda aka kimanta a cikin ganewar asali na Dyslexia. Wadannan sun haɗa da:
- Gwaran harshe na harshe
- Sanin kalma
- Decoding
- Siffar rubutu
- Dama
- Ilimin ƙamus
- Karatu fahimta
- Yin amfani da fasaha ko fassarar "sauti" a cikin harshe
Muhimmin bayani game da tabbatar da ganewar asali ya haɗa da:
- Abun lura da yaron yana aiki tare da harshe
- Shigarwa daga malaman
- Shiga daga iyaye
- Tattaunawa game da aikin ɗan littafin
- Tarihin bunkasa , musamman ma wani kimantawa na kowane jinkiri
- Tarihin zamantakewa ciki har da halin rayuwa, iyaye, 'yan uwa, da wasu dalilai.
A lokacin aikin kima, masu nazari suna neman shaida akan rashin lafiya kuma suna keta wasu dalilai da zasu iya haifar da matsalolin dalibi da kuma matsalolin harshen. Abubuwan da za a yi sarauta sun hada da:
- Rashin horo
- Rashin kasancewa don kowane dalili kamar na rashin lafiya ko kuma saboda horon phobia
- Bayanin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki
- Matsalolin jiki irin su jin wahalar wahalar wahalar.
Ta Yaya Yara da Dyslexia Suke Samun Kasuwanci na Musamman?
Don saduwa da jagororin tarayya don samun cancantar ilimin ilimi na musamman, dalibi da Dyslexia dole ne su bi ka'idodin cancanta bisa ka'idojin da sashen ilimi na jihar ya tsara.
Za'a iya ƙayyade alƙawari bisa ɗayan hanyoyin da ake biyowa:
Hanyar Rashin Ƙwarewa ta Hankali / Ƙwarewa
Wannan ƙwarewar fahimtar juna / nasara ya buƙaci ɗalibi ya bi duk waɗannan ma'auni don ƙayyade adalcin:
- An gwada gwajin bayanan sirri a cikin matsakaici ko mafi girma
- Ƙarfafa a kan karatu da / ko rubuce-rubucen harshe wanda yake da muhimmanci a ƙasa da ƙididdigar jarrabawa
- Babu wani dalilin da zai haifar da rashin nasarar makarantar wani abu ne
Hanyar Amsawa zuwa Tsarin Cutar
Amsar zuwa Ci gaba shine hanya don ƙayyade yanayin rashin lafiya kuma an gabatar da shi a cikin Dokar ' Yancin Kasa da Kasa ta 2004 (IDEA) ta 2004.
Don sanin idan wannan hanyar ta amfani da wannan hanya, tuntuɓi ofishin sashen ilimi na jihohi don kwalejin horo na musamman. Matakan musamman da ake buƙata ta hanya zai iya bambanta daga jihar zuwa jihar, amma mahimmanci, ya haɗa da matakai uku na aiki da ganewa:
Matsayi na I: Ana nuna dalibi ga koyarwar dacewa a cikin karatu da rubutu. Idan ta ci gaba da fuskanci wahala, ta tafi mataki na gaba.
Mataki na II: Yarin dalibi ya karbi karɓuwa da yawa. Idan ta ci gaba da samun matsala, ta cigaba zuwa mataki na gaba.
Level III: Wannan matakin zai fara farawa a cikin shirin ilimi na musamman.
An mayar da martani ga hanyar shigarwa don taimakawa yara waɗanda ke fama da ƙyama-wadanda ke da matsalolin ilmantarwa amma ba su da isasshen isa don samun ilimi na musamman.
Magana da Yararka don Gwaji
Idan ka gaskanta cewa yaronka yana iya rayuwa tare da Dyslexia, mataki na gaba shine samun sammacin gwaji .
Sources:
Lyytinen, H., Erskine, J., Hamalainen, J., Torppa, M., da M. Ronimus. Dyslexia-Early Identification and Prevention: Karin bayani daga Jyväskylä Nazarin Likita na Dyslexia. Rahoton Rahoton Ci Gaba Na yau da kullum . 2015. 2 (4): 330-338.