Ƙwaƙwalwar Jariri

Differences tsakanin jarirai da jarrabawa GI Tract

Wasu daga cikin abubuwan da suke amfani da su ga nono suna da sauƙin ciyarwa da haɗin da ke faruwa. Amma menene ya faru da zarar jariri ya rataye kuma ya ciyar da kyau? Kowace ɓangare na fili mai narkewa yana da takamaiman ayyuka da ke aiki a cikin sufuri da kuma narkewar abinci mai mahimmanci don ci gaban jariri. Rigasar nono a cikin jaririnka yana taka muhimmiyar ayyuka wanda ya fito ne daga zubar da kwayoyin karewa wanda ke yaki kwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta don kafa kwayoyin kwantar da lafiya.

Mene ne kimiyya a bayan jaririn narkewa?

Anatomy da Physiology na jariri Digestive Tract

Bari mu fara da kallon mahaifa na kwayar cutar daga lokacin da abinci ya shiga cikin bakin har ya wuce cikin zanen jaririn ku, da kuma ayyukan da ke faruwa a hanya. Gida na kayan aiki suna da muhimmanci sosai don narkewa da kyau kuma za a tattauna a kasa.

• Ƙara. Kiran jariranku yana taka muhimmiyar karɓar abinci kuma shine wurin da narkewar wasu kayan gina jiki zai fara. Wasu jarirai na iya zama matsala tare da latsawa ko matsalolin da suka danganci yanayi kamar launi na launi ko ƙuƙumma.
• Esophagus. Wannan jigon motsa jiki shine bututu wanda ya haɗa bakin zuwa ciki kuma yana da manyan ayyuka guda biyu - don matsawa abinci ko ruwa daga baki zuwa ciki da kuma dakatar da hakowa, ko reflux, na abinda ke cikin ciki.
• Tsai. Wannan ciki yana da alhakin adana abincin da aka haɗiye, hadawa da kuma rarraba abinci, da kuma yin gyaran hankali na ciki cikin cikin duodenum, ɓangare na ƙananan hanji. Kwayoyin narkewa yana faruwa a cikin nau'i uku-céphalic (farawa da naman gwari idan wani ya gani kuma ya jiji duk wani abincin), na ciki (wanda ya haifar da abinci da sarrafawa daga gastrin) da na hanji (wanda aka tsara ta hanyar hormones a cikin ƙananan hanji).

• Ƙananan hanji. Wannan ƙananan hanji yana da kwayar tube-ɓangaren da aka raba zuwa sassa uku-duodenum, jejunum, da kuma ileum. Yana da babban aikin da zai yi kamar yadda ke kula da narkewa da kuma shayar da kayan abinci, bitamin, abubuwa masu mahimmanci, ruwaye, da masu amfani da wutar lantarki. Ainihin, an hade abinci mai cike da ruwa a cikin ciki tare da asiri na ainihi daga pancreas, hanta da ƙwayar hanji. Abubuwan da ke dauke da kwayar cutar daga cikin wadanda suke cikin ɓoye suna kula da yawancin hanyoyin da ake ciwo a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta - sun rushe sunadaran madara masu nono a cikin amino acid; madara carbohydrates madara a cikin glucose da sauran monosaccharides; da kuma nono madara madara cikin glycerol da acid mai. Ginin na hanji dole ne ya kasance da karfi don rike aikin da yake yi. Ƙarfinsa ya zo ne daga gaskiyar cewa yana da nau'i-nau'i hudu-sassan, muscularis, submucosa da muscosa. Ginin ciwon hanji yana ƙaruwa sosai ta wurin wanzuwar villi da microvilli wanda ake amfani da samfurori na ƙarshe na narkewa.

• Babban hanji ko mazauni. Hanyar yana tafiya zuwa sama daga ƙananan ƙwayar hanji, a fadin ciki kuma zuwa ƙasa. Yawanci shine kula da ruwan sha da lantarki.
• Rectum. Aikin "O'anirne" ya jagoranci yawo daga sharar gida daga sigmoid colon din zuwa cikin dubun, wanda shine wurin da ake amfani da shi don kayan sharar gida na narkewa. Hannun kwakwalwa na ciki da na waje suna tsara ƙaddamar da matsala daga kwayar.

Abubuwan Gwaninta na Tantattun Ƙwayoyin Hanya

Bugu da ƙari ga yankin narkewa kanta, akwai gabobin kayan aiki masu yawa waɗanda suke da muhimmanci a cikin narkewar abinci. Wadannan sun haɗa da:

• Gland. Glanding salivary a cikin baki samar da salivary enzymes. Abubuwan da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa, da ƙwayar halitta da girasar da ke cikin kwakwalwa suna samar da sali wanda ya ƙunshi amylase, wani enzyme da ke da alhakin fara tsarin narkewar carbohydrates.
• Hudu . Hanta ainihin mafi girma a cikin jiki. Yana kula da sunadaran gina jiki da carbohydrate metabolism da kuma ajiyar glycogen da bitamin. Har ila yau, yana taimakawa wajen samuwa, ajiya da kuma kawar da bile kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ƙwayar mota. Hanta ne inda aka kama gubobi kuma wani lokaci ana adana don kare sauran jikin.

• Gallbladder. Gilashin gallbladder ne karamin jaka wanda yake zaune a kasa na hanta. Bile (wanda ya ƙunshi salts da suke da muhimmanci ga narkewar da kuma shayar da fats) daga hanta an tattara a nan. Aikin "Odhin ajiyar Oddi" yana sarrafa ƙwayar bile a cikin duodenum. Hakazalika da hanta, wanda zai taimaka a cikin abun da ke ciki, ajiya da kawar da bile kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a narkewa.
• Pancreas. Ƙarƙashin ƙwayar halitta yana haifar da ɓoye na alkaline (ko tsaka tsaki) wanda ke cikin ɓarna da abinci mai cikewar acidic (wanda ake kira chyme) daga ciki. Wadannan ɓoye suna riƙe da enzymes da suke da muhimmanci a shafan fats, sunadaran, da kuma carbohydrates. Duk da yake an halicci wadannan enzymes a cikin "exocrine", mutane da yawa sun fi dacewa da insulin wanda aka sanya a cikin "endocrine" gland of pancreas.

Mafin nono kuma ya ƙunshi enzymes wanda zai taimaka wajen narkewa, kamar amylase, lipase, da protease. Wannan yana da mahimmanci a jarirai kamar yadda mahaukaciyar narkewa ba su kasance ba a matakan da aka samo a cikin manya har sai jariran sun kai shekaru shida.

Bugu da ƙari, sassan tsarin narkewa yana aiki tare don daukar abincin, yada shi a cikin tsarin GI, ta hanyar motsa jiki kuma ya kwashe shi kuma ya sha kayan abinci, sa'annan ya kawar da kayan wuce gona da iri azaman sharar gida.

Difbancin Tsakanin Tsarin Gastrointestinal System na jarirai da tsofaffi

Akwai hanyoyi masu yawa da yawa da kuma bambancin aikin aiki a tsakanin sassan kwayoyin yara da manya.

• Ƙunan kai da wuyansa. A jariri, harshe ya fi girma a cikin rami na bakin ciki da kuma karin kitsen mai mai suna a cikin ɓangarorin harshen da zasu taimaka tare da tsotsa. Bugu da ƙari, larynx, ko murya murya, ya fi girma a cikin jariri fiye da manya da kuma samfurori da ke kwance a kan fadin mai laushi don samar da ƙarin kariya ga iska.
• Daban bambance-bambance. A jariri, esophagus yana da kimanin 4 1/2 inci tsawo (kimanin 9 1/2 inci tsawo a cikin tsofaffi) da kuma sphincter ƙananan kwakwalwa a kusa da 1/2 inch in diamita. Mafi sau da yawa a lokacin haihuwar, tube motsi mai tsauri ya wuce ta cikin esophagus don tabbatar da cewar wannan budewar ta bude. Cutar launi da ba a sani ba sun hada da atresias (yanayin da aka rufe cikin esophagus) da fistulas (yanayin da akwai haɗin tsakanin esophagus da wani kwaya, irin su trachea).
• Bamban bambance-bambance. Ƙwararren jariri zai iya riƙe tsakanin 1/4 da 1/2 kopin ruwa (kimanin kofuna 14 na tsofaffi!) Abubuwan da ke ciki na ciki shine daya a cikin jaririn da manya. Glandan ciki na ciki yana dauke da kwayoyin kwakwalwa, wanda ya samar da acid hydrochloric da maɗauri. Babban kwayoyin a cikin wadannan gland secrete pepsinogen, wanda aka canza zuwa pepsin, watse sunadaran a cikin ruwan 'ya'yan itace madara. Abin mamaki shine, sauti na karuwanci sun kasance a cikin sa'a daya bayan haihuwar kuma sassan kwayoyin fara fara aiki daidai bayan haihuwa. Jirgin yaro na ƙasa bai wuce 4 ba na farkon kwanaki 7 zuwa 10 na rayuwa.
• Ƙananan hanji. Akwai bambance-bambancen anatomical a ƙananan hanji. A jariri ya auna tsakanin 100 da 120 inci tsawo kuma a cikin balagagge, daga 240 zuwa 315 inci.
• Babban hanji. Maganin jariri ya zama bakararre a farkon. Duk da haka a cikin 'yan sa'o'i E. Coli, Clostridium, da Streptococcus sun kafa. Tarin kwayoyin cuta a cikin tashar GI yana da mahimmanci don narkewa da kuma samar da Vitamin K, bitamin da yake da muhimmanci a cikin jini. Tun da yake yana ɗaukan lokaci don wannan ya haifar bayan haihuwa, ana ba da jariran bitamin K a kan bayarwa.
• Gyarawa. Tsuntsin farko da suka wuce sune ake kira Meconium. Meconium yana da tsintsiya, m da tarlike. Yana da baki ko duhu mai launi a launi kuma yana da haɗari, vernix (abincin farin cheesy dake jikin jikin jaririn), lanugo (gashin gashin da ke kan jikin jaririn, musamman ma a farkon), hormones, da kuma carbohydrates. Yana da mahimmanci cewa jaririn ya wuce bashi cikin sa'o'i 24 na haihuwa.

Kwayoyin lafiya na Gut

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan mun koyi ƙarin bayani game da kwayoyin guttuka da kuma muhimmancin su a komai daga lafiyar jiki zuwa jin daɗin rayuwa. Yarawa yakan haifar da mulkin mallaka na ma'auni tare da daidaitaccen kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta. Maimakon kasancewa aiki ya rage zuwa ƙwayoyin enzymes kawai a cikin tarin kwayar halitta, muna koyon cewa kwayoyin kwayoyi masu kyau suna da matukar muhimmanci a cikin dacewar narkewa da abinci da kuma amfana da abubuwan da ake bukata don ci gaba da ci gaba. Yayin da muka koyi game da yadda haɗin da kwayoyin halitta na jariri ke ciki tare da nono, to akwai yiwuwar cewa shawarwarin da aka yi a jariri zai zama mafi karfi.

Kalma Daga Verywell akan Kwayoyin Jariri

Kwayar magani na jariri ya bambanta da manya a hanyoyi da yawa kuma yana da tsari wanda ya ƙunshi nau'o'i daban-daban da kuma matakai masu yawa. Daga samar da enzymes mai narkewa, don kafa kwayoyin gutturan lafiya, madara nono zai iya samun jaririn ku zuwa fara lafiya.

> Sources:

> Kliegman, Robert M., Bonita Stanton, St Geme III Joseph W., Nina Felice. Schor, Richard E. Behrman, da Waldo E. Nelson. Nelson Littafin rubutu na Pediatrics. 20th Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2015. Print.

> Pannarai, P., Li, F., Cerini, C. et al. Ƙungiyar Tsakanin Tsakanin Tsarin Kwayoyin Kwayoyin Tsarin Kwayoyin Lafiya da Tsarin Kasuwanci da Ci Gaban Ƙarƙashin ƙwayar ƙwayar jariri. JAMA Pediatrics . 2017. 171 (7): 647-654.