Yancin nakasa a cikin Dokar Ilimi ta Mutum
Sauran nakasa lafiyar jiki shi ne nakasar nakasa wanda ya ƙunshi Dokar Ilimi ta Mutum (IDEA). Yana rufe nau'o'in yanayi, cututtuka, cututtuka, da raunin da ya faru da ya shafi rinjayar ɗaliban, ƙarfin hali, ko fargaba.
Don a gano shi da "sauran rashin lafiyar lafiyar jiki," yanayin da yaron ya kamata ya haifar da tasiri a kan aikinsa na ilimi.
Ɗalibi na iya cancanta don ilimin ilimi na musamman don taimaka musu su koyi da nasara. Kuna iya ganin "rashin lafiya na jiki" wanda aka rage shi kamar OHI.
IDEA Definition
Sauran cututtukan kiwon lafiya na iya haifar da matsalolin lafiya ko na rashin lafiya, ma'anar cewa zasu iya kasancewa waɗanda zasu dade na tsawon lokaci (ko rayuwa) ko wadanda ke haifar da rashin lafiya ko hadari amma ana sa ran kyautatawa. Ana sa ran yanayin zai sami tasiri na akalla kwanaki 60.
Misalan da aka ba a cikin Dokar sun hada da ciwon sukari, rashin kulawa da hankali ko rashin hankali ga rashin lafiyar cututtuka, ciwon sukari, ciwon zuciya, yanayin zuciya, hemophilia, jawo guba, cutar sankarar bargo, nephritis, zazzafan ciwon sukari, ciwon sikila, da ciwo na Tourette. Wannan jerin ba ya haɗa da dukkanin al'amurran kiwon lafiya da zasu iya haifar da ganewar asali na rashin lafiya.
Wasu daga cikin waɗannan ka'idoji za a iya sarrafa su tare da magani kuma basu da wata tasiri akan tasiri.
Abinda aka tsara kawai ya shafi lokacin da dalibi ya iya cigaba a cikin ɗakunan ajiyar al'ada yana da nasaba da lalacewar su. Wannan ƙayyadaddun yana bawa ɗaliban damar samun damar shiga ayyukan koyarwa na musamman da suke bukata.
Halin OHI yana rufe sharuɗɗa da yawa waɗanda ba a taɓa bayyana su a matsayin rashin lafiya a cikin IDEA ba.
Misalan sauran nakasa da suka riga suna da nau'o'in su a cikin IDEA su ne autism, makanta, kurakurai, rikicewar motsin rai, jinkirta tunanin mutum, rashin tausayi, ƙwarewar ilmantarwa, maganganu ko lalata harshe, da cututtukan kwakwalwa. Wadannan sun riga sun kasance sunaye don haka ba OHI ba.
ADHD
Wannan rukunin ya ƙunshi "ƙarar da hankali ga yanayin da ake ciki, wanda ya haifar da rashin hankali game da yanayin ilimi." Wani dalibi da rashin kulawar hankali, alal misali, wanda ke da kullun da yanayin ajiyar yau da kullum da kuma wanda ba zai iya kula da shi ba za'a iya gano shi tare da "sauran rashin lafiyar lafiyar" idan matsalar ta kasance mai matukar damuwa ta shafi ilmantarwa. ADHD yana ɗaya daga cikin al'amuran da suka fi dacewa da ke haifar da aikin neman ilimi na musamman a matsayin OHI.
OHI da Ilimi na musamman
Sauran cututtukan kiwon lafiya sun girma kamar yadda aka tsara kashi 4.5 cikin dari na dalibai na musamman a cikin nazarin shekara ta 2001 zuwa kashi 12, tare da yawancin karuwa daga ɗalibai da ADHD.
Yiwuwa don ganewar asali
Kwamitin IEP na makaranta zaiyi la'akari da rashin lafiya na dalibi. Ya kamata ya kasance na dindindin ko ana tsammanin zai wuce fiye da kwanaki 60.
Halin zai shafi rinjayar ɗaliban, ƙarfin hali ko faɗakarwa a cikin ɗakunan ajiya kuma yana da mummunan tasiri akan aikin ilmantarwa. Za a iya yin nazari akan nazarin ayyukan ilimi da kuma gano bukatun dalibi na ilimi na musamman.
> Sources:
> Hukuma: 20 USC 1401 (3); 1401 (30) [71 FR 46753, 14 ga Oktoba, 2006, kamar yadda aka gyara a 72 FR 61306, Oktoba 30, 2007]