Lokacin da aka haifi jariri ba tare da daɗewa ba , suna da wahalar samun numfashi a kansu kuma suna buƙatar irin taimako. Irin taimakon gaggawa wanda jariri zai buƙaci zai dogara ne akan yadda aka haifi jariri. Kila an gaya maka cewa jaririnka yana da wani abu da ake kira RDS. RDS ko Raunin Cutar Cutar Ruwa shine daya daga cikin matsaloli mafi yawa da jaririn zai haɗu lokacin da aka haife shi ba tare da daɗe ba.
Kafin a haifa jaririn, sai gajerun ya rushe kuma an samar da iskar oxygen ga jariri ta wurin mahaifa. Ƙungiyar ta ba da izinin barin oxygen da kayan abinci daga jinin mahaifi zuwa jinin jaririn ta hanyar igiya. Bayan an haifi jariri wannan duk canje-canje. Lokacin da aka katse igiyar umbilical, an raba wa'adin iskar oxygen wadatar jini. Ji yunwa na farawa kuma jaririn zai fara jin dadi. Tare da wannan gashin, ƙwayoyin zazzaɗa a karo na farko kuma sun juyo daga wani rushewa, taro mai zurfi zuwa iska mai sauƙi.
Ta yaya Yin aiki na Ruka
Maganin tsofaffi suna da launi mai laushi, kayan da ke motsawa wanda ke motsawa da kuma ɗauka yayin da kuke numfashi. Akwai miliyoyin mitoci, nau'i na jujjuya da ake kira alveoli wanda ke fadada lokacin da iska ta motsa. A cikin alveoli, wani bakin ciki ne na ruwa wanda ake kira surfactant. Surfactant wani abu ne mai sabulu kamar yadda yake dashi a cikin tsofaffiyar tsofaffi kuma yana hana wadannan kananan balloons (alveoli) daga rushewa.
Surfactant yana da muhimmanci don musayar oxygen da carbon dioxide tsakanin huhu da jini. Yin aikin tayar da mahaifa a cikin kwayoyin huhu zai fara tsakanin gwarzo tsakanin 24 zuwa 28, tare da ƙara yawan aiki har sai jaririn ya kasance gestation.
Lokacin da jaririn ya haife shi da wuri, suna da ƙwayar kullun kuma basu da yawa sosai.
Lafiya ba zai iya buɗewa sosai don tattake hawan oxygen don a yi amfani da shi sosai cikin jini kuma a rarraba ga gabobin jiki masu muhimmanci. Lakafin da aka fara da ƙananan ƙwayoyin yana da ƙananan alveoli marasa rinjaye wanda ya shafi ikon musayar oxygen da carbon dioxide. Lakaran na ci gaba da yin alveoli har sai da bayarwa. Da zarar jaririn yaron, ƙananan alveoli zasu sami. Wadannan alveoli sune kadan kuma suna da tsabta. Tsuntsaye ta haɗu tare, haifar da tashin hankali. Surfactant rage wannan tashin hankali yasa lakaran rigar na huhu zai fadada, ya bar musayar iska.
Jirgin da muke numfashi yana da yawa daban-daban na gas, oxygen, shine mafi mahimmanci saboda sel suna buƙatar shi don makamashi da girma. Ba tare da oxygen ba, jikin jikin zai fara mutuwa. Carbon dioxide ita ce ɓararen ganyayyaki wanda aka gina ta hanyar karuwa ta hanyar zama makamashi na jiki. Lakaran suna ba da izinin oxygen a cikin iska don a ɗauka cikin jiki, yayin da yake taimakawa jiki don kawar da carbon dioxide a cikin iska ya hura.
Surfactant yana da muhimmanci don musayar oxygen da carbon dioxide tsakanin huhu da jini. Yin aikin tayar da mahaifa a cikin kwayoyin huhu zai fara tsakanin gwarzo tsakanin 24 zuwa 28, tare da ƙara yawan aiki har sai jaririn ya kasance gestation.
Lokacin da jaririn ya haife shi da wuri, suna da ƙwayar kullun kuma basu da yawa sosai. Lafiya ba zai iya buɗewa sosai don tattake hawan oxygen don a yi amfani da shi sosai cikin jini kuma a rarraba ga gabobin jiki masu muhimmanci. Lakafin da aka fara da ƙananan ƙwayoyin yana da ƙananan alveoli marasa rinjaye wanda ya shafi ikon musayar oxygen da carbon dioxide. Lakaran na ci gaba da yin alveoli har sai da bayarwa. Yawancin abin da jaririn ya yi da ƙananan alveoli za su sami.
Matsalar Farko da Cutar Matsala
Gaba ɗaya, a baya an haifi jaririn, mafi yawan hadarin ƙaddamar da matsala na numfashi. Idan ba a iya jinkirta jinkai ba a rana ɗaya ko biyu, za a iya ba uwa zuwa 2 injections, 24 hours baya, na steroid, irin su betamethasone kafin bayarwa.
Ana amfani da Betamethasone don taimakawa wajen taimakawa wajen bunkasa tamanin tayi idan an sa ran haihuwa.
Abubuwan da suka dace da RDS za su karbi nau'in surfactant na wucin gadi, wanda aka ba shi ƙafa mai motsi; kai tsaye zuwa cikin huhu inda yake sa tufafin jigilar iska da ke ba da damar inganta musayar iska. Mai jariri da RDS zai iya ci gaba da muni a cikin kwanakin farko na haihuwar amma zai nuna alamun cigaba yayin da mahaukaci ke fara samar da tayakinsu, yawanci a cikin makonni biyu.
Yara da RDS zasu buƙaci wasu nau'o'in karin oxygen. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a inganta yaduwar iskar oxygen a jikin jaririn shi ne kara yawan isasshen oxygen a cikin iska da jaririn yake karbar. Jirgin al'ada na al'ada yana da kimanin kashi 21 cikin dari na oxygen. Baban da ake buƙatar karin iskar oxygen zai iya samun kusan kashi 100 na oxygen, a cikin matsanancin hali, idan an buƙata. Ana sa idanu da matakan oxygen da hankali sosai saboda yana da mahimmanci don samun daidaito mai kyau. Ƙananan zai iya haifar da lalacewa ga tsarin mai juyayi kuma da yawa zai iya haifar da lalacewa ga huhu da kansu, da idanu.
Maganin saturation mai yaduwa, (wanda ake kira a matsayin mai kwakwalwa ko kuma binciken bincike) an sanya shi a kan ƙafar hannu ko wuyan hannu na jariri - wannan matakan matakin oxygen a cikin jaririn. Adadin oxygen an rubuta shi a matsayin kashi. Wannan kashi shine adadin oxygen kwayar hemoglobin cikin jini.
Wani samfurin jini wanda ake kira jini ne wata hanya ta auna yadda wannan musanya yake faruwa a cikin tsarin jaririn. Wannan gwajin ya bada ƙarin bayani fiye da saka idanu da kuma yawanci ana amfani dashi yayin da jariri ya kasance a kan matakan da suka dace na goyon baya na numfashi. Makasudin shine samun nauyin goyon baya don kiyaye ƙwayar oxygen a cikin layin da ake so. (Wannan jeri yana dogara ne akan shekarun haihuwa.)
Akwai matakai daban-daban na goyon baya ga jariri tare da RDS. Yayin da huhu ke girma, adadin tallafi na jiki zai rage a cikin tsarin da ake kira weaning. Wannan tsari na tumakin yana da kyau ga jariri kuma za a tabbatar da yadda wuya jaririn yake aiki don numfashi, hadarin oxygen, da matakan jini, da lafiyar jariri.
Ga wasu daga cikin kayan da aka saba amfani dasu don tallafin respiratory, yawanci ya bayyana:
- Mai tayar da hankali - Kusa iska da iskar oxygen a cikin huhu daga cikin bututun endotracheal. (Har ila yau ake kira ET tube ko numfashi mai kwakwalwa.) Rahoton zai yi numfashi don jariri kuma an saita ya ba numfashi a wasu lokuta a minti daya.
- Oscillator - irin motsi wanda ke aiki ta hanyar hawan oxygen a ciki da carbon dioxide daga cikin daruruwan ƙananan ƙaramin numfashi a minti daya.
- Ci gaba mai karfi na Airway - Har ila yau aka sani da CPAP. CPAP ba ta numfashi ne a cikin jiki, amma yana buɗaɗa ruwa mai tsabta a cikin jaririn jaririn a matsananciyar matsin lamba wanda yake ajiye ƙwayoyin da aka lalata a kowane lokaci. Ana kawo CPAP ta hanyoyi na hanci.
- (Bubble) CPAP - aiki ne ta hanyar kawo matsa lamba akai zuwa filin jirgin sama. (Ta hanyar ƙananan ƙira) kama da CPAP amma yana da motsi mai motsawa wanda aka sanya a karkashin ruwa, da kumfa- abin da ke haifar da matsa lamba kuma yana samar da oshin hankali a cikin sassan layi.
- Nasal Cannula - Oxygen da aka kai tsaye zuwa ga jariri ta hanyar tube filastik da cewa yana da kananan prongs da aka sanya a cikin babystorms hanyoyi.
RDS yana da yawa a cikin jaririn da ba a taɓa haihuwa ba saboda lakaran suna da kariya. Bisa la'akari da yadda aka fara jariri jariri zai yanke shawarar yadda zasu ci gaba ta hanyar wannan yanayin. Yana da matukar ban tsoro don ganin kawuwar gwagwarmayarka tare da abubuwa masu sauƙi da muke da manya don ba a kowane lokaci na kowane rana. Da fatan wannan bayani ya taimaka maka fahimtar fata da kuma abin da ke cikin RDS kuma yana taimaka maka, ka yi numfashi kadan kaɗan, dama tare da jariri.
Sources:
Bubbles, Babies da Biology: Labarin Surfactant. (nd). An dawo daga http://www.fasebj.org/content/18/13/1624e.full
Facts Game da cututtuka na Farko (ROP) | Gudanar da Ƙungiyar Gida. (nd). An dawo daga https://www.nei.nih.gov/health/rop/rop
Kwayar da ke cikin jiki - AboutKidsHealth. (nd). An dawo daga http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/en/resourcecentres/prematurebabies/aboutprematurebabies/breathing/pages/the-immature-lung.aspx
Shawarwari don farfadowa mai tayar da hankali a cikin jiki. (nd). An dawo daga http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2722820/