Labarun labarun game da cin zarafin jiki ga yara sukan tayar da tambayoyi game da abin da ke cin zarafin yara. A Amurka, akwai dokokin tarayya waɗanda ke nuna ma'anar zalunci, amma a ƙarshe, kowace jiha ta haifar da wasu takamaiman dokoki. Abin da ke haifar da zaluntar yara a wata jiha ba za a iya la'akari da zagi a wata jiha ba.
Ƙasashen na aiwatar da dokoki game da abin da aka bari a yankunan gundumar.
Kodayake masana da yawa sun yi gargadin game da hadarin da ake yi na hukumomi, har yanzu ana bari 'yan makaranta a makarantu a jihohi 19. Sharuɗɗa sun bayyana lokacin da ƙuntata jiki da ɓoyayyar iya amfani da su.
Yawancin jihohi sun nuna nau'ikan nau'i guda hudu: cin zarafin jiki, cin zarafi, zalunci, da rashin kulawa. Kowace jihohi ya bambanta kadan a yadda ake nuna rahoton zalunci, bincike, da kuma magance cikin tsarin shari'a.
Abuse na jiki
A cikin sharuddan tarayya, zalunci ta jiki yana da cikakkiyar lahani a matsayin "duk wani rauni na jiki marar haɗari." Wannan na iya haɗa da ƙonewa, kicking, biting, or striking a child. Wasu jihohin sun haɗa da barazanar yaro da cutar ko haifar da halin da ake ciki a lokacin da mummunan cutar yaron ya kasance wani ɓangare na ma'anar cin zarafin jiki.
Dokoki na gida sun bambanta a kan takamaiman. Alal misali, dokar California ta ce, "Babban mummunan cututtukan jiki ba ya haɗa da halayen da suka dace da tsinkaye a lokacin da ba su da wata alamar cutar ta jiki mai tsanani." A halin yanzu, dokar Oklahoma ta ce, "Iyaye / malaman / sauran mutane na iya amfani da talakawa karfi a matsayin hanyar horo, ciki har da amma ba'a iyakance ga lalacewa ba, sauyawa da kuma kaddamarwa. "
Abuse na motsa jiki
Ba dukan jihohi suna la'akari da cin zarafi ko cin zarafi ba don zama wani ɓangare na ma'anar zaluntar yara. Jihohin da suka yi la'akari da cin zarafi na motsa jiki don yin mummunan hali sukan nuna shi ta hanyar rauni ga iyawa na tunani ko kuma kwanciyar hankali na wani yaro bisa ga sauyawar canji a cikin hali, amsawar motsin rai, ko cognition.
Alal misali, yarinya wanda ya damu, ya damu, ko ya fara nuna halin ta'addanci saboda sakamakon iyaye suna kira sunaye na iya zama la'akari da raɗaɗi.
Abuse Abune
Kowane jihohin ya hada da cin zarafin yara kamar yadda aka kwatanta da cin zarafin yara. Wasu jihohin sunaye abubuwan da aka yi la'akari da su masu ma'ana da kuma shekaru. Dokokin game da fyade na doka da kuma lokacin da izini ya bambanta ƙwarai daga jihar zuwa jihar. Yin la'akari da jima'i yana dauke da wani ɓangare na ma'anar cin zarafi a yawancin jihohin, wanda ya haɗa da laifuka na fataucin jima'i da batsa.
Nemo
An rarraba kullun ta hanyar gazawar don samar da yaro tare da abinci, tufafi, tsari, kiwon lafiya, aminci, da kulawa da ake bukata don hana cutar. Wasu jihohi sun haɗa da "rashin kulawa da ilimi" wanda ke nufin rashin nasarar samar da yaro da damar samun ilimi mai dacewa. Wasu jihohin da ba su iya bayar da kuɗi ba tun daga yaro. Duk da yake a wasu jihohin, rashin yiwuwar biya har yanzu ya zama sakaci.
Kasashe sun bambanta a kan ma'anarsu na kulawa da rashin lafiya. Wasu jihohi sun bayyana shi a matsayin rashin gazawar bayar da likita ko kiwon lafiya. Sauran jihohi sun bayyana shi kamar yadda yake riƙe da magani ko abinci mai gina jiki daga yara masu jinƙai tare da yanayin barazanar rayuwa.
Har ila yau, akwai wasu tsararru ga rashin kulawa da kulawar kula da aikin likita yayin da yake fadawa addinin addini.
Abun Abubuwa na Iyaye
Dokokin jihohi sun bambanta akan yadda za a yi la'akari da cin zarafin iyaye a matsayin ɓangare na ma'anar cin zarafin yara. A halin yanzu, jihohin 14 sunyi la'akari da cewa an zaluntar yara ne idan mahaifiyar ciki mai amfani da kwayoyi ko barasa a lokacin da ta yi ciki. Ciniki da sayar da kwayoyi yayin da yaron ya kasance ba bisa ka'ida ba a jihohi 10. Kasancewa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar abubuwa masu sarrafawa har sai ya sace iyayen iyaye na kulawa da yaro ana daukar zalunci a jihohi bakwai.
Abandonment
Wasu jihohin suna da ma'anar watsi da abin da yake rarrabe daga sakaci. Abandata yawanci yakan hada da yanayi inda ba'a san inda iyayensu ba ko lokacin da yaro ya bar cikin yanayi mai hatsari. Zubar da hankali na iya haɗawa da kasawa don kula da lamba ko samar da goyon baya mai dacewa ga yaro.