Kalmar mahimmanci na yau da kullum tana nufin wani jariri wanda ba a taɓa haihuwa ba wanda ya kai kimanin 800 grams (1 lita 12) ko ƙarami fiye da makonni 26 a haihuwa. Duk da haka, dangane da yanayin, jariri a ƙarƙashin 3 fam (1500 grams) ko aka haife shi a kasa da makonni 29 da za'a iya ƙididdigewa a matsayin ƙwaƙwalwar micro.
Yawan adadin ƙananan yara da aka haifa a kowace shekara yana da ƙananan ƙananan, amma 50,000 micro-preemies da aka haifa a kowace shekara a Amurka suna da bukatun kiwon lafiya sosai.
Tsarin rayuwa zai iya zuwa daga kashi 10 zuwa kashi 80. Duk da haka, yawancin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na yau da kullum suna rayuwa a yau fiye da kafin ci gaba a ilimi da fasaha wanda zai iya kula da su.
An bayar da rahotanni na yawan adadin ƙananan kwakwalwa bisa ga shekarun haihuwa, ko da yake babu sharuɗɗa biyu:
- Gestation na makonni 22: Game da kashi 10 cikin dari na jarirai tsira
- Gestation na makonni 23: About 1/2 na jarirai tsira
- Gestation na makonni 24: Game da 2/3 na jarirai tsira
- Gestation na makonni 25: Game da 3/4 na jarirai tsira
Rawanin lafiyar lafiya na Micro
Micro preemies fuskantar wasu matsalolin kiwon lafiya da aka magance a cikin kula da kula da kula da jiki mai tsanani (NICU). Yawanci, kafin a haifa jariri, mafi girma yawan hadarin rikitarwa kuma tsawon lokaci zasu zauna a cikin NICU. Wasu matsalolin kiwon lafiya micro preemies fuska sun hada da:
- Hyperbilirubinemia : Babban matakan bilirubin , wani fili wanda ya haifar da raunin jini, haifar da jaundice. Jaundice zai iya haifar da lalacewar kwakwalwa idan ba a bi da shi yadda ya kamata ta hanyar amfani da hasken wuta na musamman wanda zai taimaka wa jikin ya kawar da bilirubin.
- Apnea: Dakatarwa cikin numfashi wanda hakan ya rage a cikin zuciya.
- Abun ciki: Ƙananan fiye da yawan adadin jinin jini, wanda ake buƙatar ɗaukar oxygen zuwa jiki.
- Rawanin jini mai ƙananan jini: Ƙwararrun ƙwaƙwalwa wanda zai iya kasancewa saboda kamuwa da cuta, hadarin jini, hasara na ruwa, ko magunguna da aka gudanar kafin zuwan.
- Raunin cututtuka na numfashi yana fama da rashin ciwo : Rashin wuya yana numfashi saboda ƙwayoyin da ba su da cikakkiyar nau'in tayar da hankali, wani abu da zai ba da damar ƙwaƙwalwar huhu.
- Dysplasia na Bronchopulmonary: An magance matsalolin kwayar cutar ta cikin jarirai wanda ba a haifa ba, musamman mabanin ƙwayoyin cuta, ana shawo kan shi da magani da oxygen.
- Kamuwa da cuta: Duk jariran da ba a haifa ba, kuma musamman magungunan micro, an riga an hana su, amma ma'ana sun kasa iya yin yaki da kwayar cuta wanda zai iya haifar da rashin lafiya.
- Ductus Arteriosus Patent: A cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, ductus arteriosus (wani ɗan gajeren jini wanda ke haɗa babban jirgi na jini wanda yake ba da huhu ga aorta) yakan kasance a bude a cikin jarirai marar haihuwa. Saboda wannan haɓakaccen haɗuwa, jinin jini zai iya gudana zuwa cikin huhu, haifar da matsalolin numfashi kuma a wasu lokuta rashin cin nasara zuciya.
- Magunguna na Farko: Rashin ci gaban jini a cikin idon jariri zai iya haifar da lalacewa daga mummunan hali (makanta).
Kodayake dukkanin samfurori na kananan yara suna da alaƙa a lokacin haifuwa kuma suna buƙatar kulawa na dindindin , yawancin suna girma ba tare da wani lokaci mai tsawo ba .