Farko shine daya daga cikin batutuwan da suka fi damuwa da iyalai a duniya suke fuskanta. Lokacin da aka haifi jaririn kafin mako 37 da tsufa, an dauke jariri ya zama wanda bai kai ba. A Amurka, bisa ga CDC, kimanin ɗayan cikin yara 10 an haife shi ba tare da daɗewa ba, ƙididdigar da aka yi la'akari da su sun wuce sama da 'yan shekarun nan.
Maris na Dimes ya bayyana cewa, abin farin ciki, yawan shekarun fari ba su dagulawa, amma fiye da 380,000 jariri har yanzu an ba da haihuwa ba a cikin kowace shekara.
Kuma a dukan duniya, farfadowa har yanzu shine babban dalilin mutuwar yara a ƙarƙashin shekara biyar.
Me yasa Matakan Farko Ya zama Matsala ga Babba
CDC ya lura cewa matukar damuwa zai iya haifar da matsaloli masu yawa ga jarirai. Ba wai kawai mutuwa tana hadarin ba-kuma hadarin mutuwa ya ƙara ƙarar da aka haifi jariri-amma jaririn yana fuskantar matsalolin kamar:
- Matsalar da ke damuwa
- Ciyar da wahala
- Cerebral palsy
- Ba da jinkiri ba
- Matsaran hangen nesa
- Jin damuwa
Haɗarin rikitarwa ga jariran da aka haifa ba tare da jimawa ba sun bambanta kadan, dangane da yadda aka fara haihuwar jariri . Duk da cewa an haifi jariri kafin makonni 37 ba tare da jimawa ba, akwai wasu nau'o'i na kariya. Alal misali, jaririn da aka haifa a tsakanin makonni 32 zuwa 37 yana dauke da matsakaici zuwa marigayi kafin haihuwa, jaririn tsakanin makon 28 zuwa 32 yana da kyau sosai, kuma jaririn da aka haifa kafin makonni 28 yana da mahimmanci.
Saboda yawan shekarun da suka wuce, sun kasance mafi girma fiye da wanda ke da rikitarwa a sakamakon rashin kasancewa a matsayin jarirai.
Gaba ɗaya, yana da matukar fifiko ga kiwon lafiya na duniya don taimakawa wajen rage yawan tasiri ga iyalai.
Za a iya taimakawa matasan Artificial Wombu?
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin da jariran da ba a haifa ba ke fuskanta shine kwayoyin da ba a gina su ba. Lokacin da aka haifi jariran da wuri, ƙwayoyin su ba su iya bunkasa yadda ya kamata kuma wannan zai kai ga mutane da yawa nan da nan kuma idan jariran sun tsira, wasu matsalolin lokaci mai tsawo.
Doctors sunyi ƙoƙari su zo da mafita don taimakawa jaririn jariri. A halin yanzu, likitoci suna amfani da steroid don jaririn jaririn don kokarin taimakawa tsofaffin huhu, amma musamman ga jarirai na farko, suna bukatar taimako fiye da yadda steroid ke bawa.
Wanne ne ainihin dalilin da yasa masana kimiyya suke fatan cewa gabatar da jariri na wucin gadi zai iya taimaka wa jariran da ba a taɓa haihuwa ba lokacin karin lokacin da suke bukata don ci gaba. A cikin binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2017 a cikin Yanayi , masu bincike sun gabatar da nasarar da jaririn da aka tsara don 'yan raguna. An sami nasara wajen kula da ƙwayar rago a cikin mahaifa har tsawon wata ɗaya, ba tare da matsalolin kiwon lafiya ba.
Yadda Yake aiki
Iyakar taƙarar wani tsari ne wanda aka tsara don yin aiki kamar mahaifa. Yana amfani da haɗuwa da jakar jakar filastik, pumps, gas blenders don kula da daidaitaccen ma'auni na oxygen, da kuma filters don kula da matsa lamba. Zai yiwu mafi mahimmanci, shi ne tsarin zagaye na rufe, ma'anar cewa yana ƙin ainihin yanayin da ke ciki. Lokacin da tayin yana tasowa a cikin mahaifa, an rufe shi zuwa ga waje kuma jariri ba ta numfasa iska. Maimakon haka, ana ajiye huhu a cikin yanayin ciwon amniotic na yau da kullum kuma tayin ya sami iskar oxygen ta cikin ƙwayar maimakon maimakon numfashi.
Wannan yana taimakawa cikin huhu da cikakke sosai kafin ana buƙatar fara numfashin iska a kansu.
Da yake kallon ci gaban 'yan raguna, binciken ya nuna cewa jaririn ya sami ci gaban jiki, tare da ciwon kwakwalwa da kuma ciwon huhu. 'Yan raguna sun sami damar kasancewa a cikin mahaifa don makonni 4. Wannan yana iya ba da alama kamar lokaci mai tsawo, amma a duniya na farkon, a zahiri a kowace rana na iya haifar da bambanci ga ci gaban jariri.
Yaya Dabbobi na Artificial Za Su kasance Nan gaba?
Don haka za mu ga jariran da ba a haifa ba a cikin jaririn da ke cikin asibitocin mu a nan gaba? Wataƙila ba wani lokaci nan da nan ba.
Har yanzu akwai aiki mai yawa da ake buƙatar yin don kawo fasahar zuwa inda aka shirya don amfani dashi ga jarirai.
Duk da haka, masu bincike a baya suna fatan su fara gwada jariri a jikin jarirai a cikin gajeren lokaci, cikin shekaru 3 zuwa 5. Saboda haka, fatan, a nan gaba, mahaifa na iya zama muhimmin mataki wajen magance matsala ta matakan dangi.
> Sources:
> Cibiyoyin Ciwo, Kariya, da Rigakafin. (2017). Fara haihuwa. https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternalinfanthealth/pretermbirth.htm
> Partridge, E. et al. (2017, Afrilu 25). Tsarin karin kayan ciki don taimakawa cikin ilimin lissafin jiki wanda bai dace da rago ba. Yanayin Sadarwa 8. Doi: 10.1038 / ncomms15112. https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms15112
> Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya. (2016, Nuwamba). Fara haihuwa. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs363/en/