Pertinussis Basics
Tsohon tari (pertussis) sau da yawa an saba shukawa lokacin da yara ke yin kuka, duka saboda iyaye da yawa suna tunanin cewa wannan maganin rigakafi na rigakafin ba shine matsala ga yara ba. Ko da lokacin da suka yi, suna ne kawai suna neman cikakkiyar maganin matsalolin maganin, irin su cinyewar lalacewa ko ya dace da ƙarshen "sauti".
Abin takaici, tarin yatsan yana tashi, tare da kara yawan kamuwa da cuta a jihohin da yawa.
Abin baƙin ciki, tun lokacin da yara suka kai ga ma'anar cewa suna da ciwon daji, suna yawanci a cikin wahalar su.
Cikakken Ciki
Tashin yatsun shine sunan kowa don pertussis, maganin rigakafi wanda ba zai yiwu ba ya tafi, koda yawancin yara suna samun maganin alurar rigakafi don kare su daga pertussis a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin rigakafin yara.
Me ya sa yaduwar rikici har yanzu ta kasance babban matsala, yayin da wasu cututtuka masu rigakafin rigakafi, kamar cutar shan inna, kyanda, da diphtheria, da dai sauransu, sun zama kasa da kowa a Amurka?
Bugu da ƙari, ƙananan ƙwayar rigakafi a wasu kungiyoyin yara saboda damuwa na iyaye game da maganin alurar rigakafi da kuma yin amfani da tsarin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafi, kariya daga cututtuka na pertussis ya rage a lokacin. Wannan ya sa yawancin matasa da kuma matasan da ke da saukin kamuwa da su har sai sun sami sabon sabbin magungunan tetanus wanda ya hada da allurar rigakafi ( Tdap - Tetanus, Diththeria, da Pertussis acellular).
Yara da balagagge da balagagge waɗanda ke samun pertussis zasu iya tallafawa yara da jarirai da jarirai wadanda ba su kammala jerin nau'i na uku na DTaP (Diththeria, Tetanus, da Pertussis ba), da barin su ba su da cikakken kariya daga pertussis.
Pertussis cututtuka
Tunda ƙananan cututtuka da pertussis ba sababbin ba ne, yana da muhimmanci mu gane cututtukan cututtuka idan akwai yaronka.
Tsarin bayyanar cututtuka yana farawa ne kawai kamar alamun sanyi na yau da kullum game da kwanaki 6 zuwa 21 bayan an bayyana su ga wani wanda ke da pertussis, sau da yawa wani balagagge tare da tarihin tarihin. Wadannan bayyanar cututtuka na farko sun wuce mako ɗaya ko biyu kuma zasu iya hada da ciwon zazzabi, ƙwaƙwalwa, ƙwaƙwalwa, sneezing, da tari.
Bayan haka, kamar yadda za ku yi tsammanin bayyanar cututtukan yaro don ingantawa, yaron da ke ciki yana fara ɓarna kuma yana tasowa bayyanar cututtuka wanda zai iya ƙara ƙarin makonni 3 zuwa 6, ciki har da:
- tari tarihin ko daidai, wanda zai iya ƙare a cikin sauti mai kyau
- vomiting bayan tari tari (postis tussive mesis)
- cyanosis ko blue spells bayan coughing
- koyi ko kuma wuraren da jariri ke hana hutawa a lokacin ko bayan bayanan tari
Wadannan cututtuka na pertussis sunyi sauƙi a hankali a cikin 'yan watanni masu zuwa.
Yara da pertussis sau da yawa ba su da wasu alamu da alamun bayyanar, kamar:
- Fever
- Diarrhea
- Skin rashes
- Wheezing
- Rawan gaggawa
Idan yaronka yana da tari kuma yana da wadannan cututtuka, sa'an nan kuma yana iya samun RSV ko wani kamuwa da cuta, kuma bazai da pertussis, musamman idan an yi masa cikakken maganin alurar riga kafi kuma ba a bayyana shi ga kowa ba tare da pertussis.
Abin da za ku ci gaba a hankali
Dole ya kamata iyaye su ga likitan dan su idan sunyi tunanin cewa yaro zai iya bunkasa cututtukan cututtuka ko neman karin likita idan karon yaro yana da alamun bayyanar cututtuka, irin su apnea ko hawan daɗaɗɗa mai tsawo.
Sauran abubuwa don tunawa game da pertussis da pertussis bayyanar cututtuka sun haɗa da cewa:
- Ana gane abin da ake ganewa a lokacin da aka gane dashi, yayin da ake zargin karar yaron akan ƙwayar cutar, kamar RSV ko ciwon huhu. Tabbatar da gaya wa dan jaririn idan ka yi tunanin cewa an jariri danka ga wanda ke da lahani, duk wanda ke da tarihin tarihin, ko kuma idan kana tunanin cewa yaronka zai iya samun lalacewa.
- Hanyoyin na kwayan cutar ko kwayar cutar polymerase (PCR) zata iya taimakawa wajen gano asalin pertussis, kodayake yawancin yara an fara bincikar su kawai bisa ga alamun da suke da su.
- Yin magani na farko da maganin rigakafi zai iya taimakawa yaron ya zama marar lahani ga wasu amma ba a nuna shi da yawa na bambanci ba ko tsawon lokacin bayyanar cututtuka.
- Manya da pertussis sau da yawa kawai suna da tsohuwar tari don wasu watanni kuma ba su da yawa daga cikin sauran alamar cututtuka hade da pertussis a cikin yara
- Kwamitin Shawara kan Dokar rigakafin rigakafi (ACIP) ya bada shawarar cewa tsofaffi tsakanin shekarun 19 da 64 sun sami kashi daya daga cikin maganin Tdap idan basu taba samun hakan ba.
- Mazan da za su yi hulɗa tare da jariran da basu kasa da watanni 12 ba, ciki harda iyaye, kakanni (ko da sun kasance sun kai shekaru 65), masu kulawa da yara, da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya, ya kamata su sami maganin Tdap idan basu da daya , koda kuwa ya kasance kasa da shekaru 10 tun lokacin da suka kara girma.
Sources:
CDC. Tsayar da Tetanus, Diththeria, da kuma Pertussis Daga cikin Adalai: Amfani da Tetanus Toxoid, Rage Cutar Toxoid Diphtheria da Vaccine Acellular Pertussis Vaccine. MMWR. Disamba 15, 2006/55 (RR17): 1-33.
Gregory DS. Pertussis: Wani cuta da ke shafi dukkanin shekaru. Magungunan Am Am Amurrah - 1-AUG-2006; 74 (3): 420-6
Kliegman: Nelson Rubutun Ilimin Harkokin Yara da Hoto, 18th ed.
Dogon: Ka'idoji da Kwarewar Cututtuka na yara na yara, 3rd ed.
CDC. Shawarar matakan jima'i na jima'i na matasa - Amurka, 2011. MMWR. Fabrairu 4, 2011/60 (04); 1-4.