Trisomy 16 da Mosaic Trisomy 16 a Ciki
Idan ka koyi cewa jaririn da ka yi aure yana da mahimmanci 16, ko kuma idan kana koyo game da rawar da cutar ta kasance a cikin ɓarna, me kake bukata ka sani?
Idan, a maimakon haka, kun koyi cewa jaririnku na iya samun nauyin mosaic 16 bayan an samo samfurori na kullun, wani amniocentesis, ko karyotype da aka yi bayan haihuwar haihuwa, me kake bukata ka sani? Menene ya faru a gaba kuma menene hakan yake nufi a tsawon lokaci?
Chromosomal Abnormalities a cikin Miscarriage
Cutar cutar Chromosomal shine mafi mahimmanci na haddasawa na farko da na farko , tare da kimantawar wadannan cututtukan da ke da alhakin kashi 50 zuwa 75 bisa dukkanin matsala. Trisomies, bi da bi, sune binciken da aka gano na chromosome wanda yafi dacewa a gwajin gwagwarmaya.
- Sanin Genes, DNA, da Chromosomes
Trisomy 16 a cikin kuskure
Daga dukkan tisomies (tattauna a kasa), ƙwallon ƙafa 16 yana zama mafi yawan al'ada, yana faruwa a kimanin kashi daya cikin dari na dukkan ciki. da kuma lissafin kimanin kashi 10 cikin dari na rashin kuskure. Akwai nau'o'i daban-daban iri na 16; tare da nau'in daya ya saba da rai yayin da wani zai iya haifar da jaririn lafiya a wasu lokuta. Za mu yi magana game da waɗannan nau'o'i daban-daban amma da farko, ya kamata ya bayyana abin da ake nufi da trisomy.
Menene Trisomy da Ta yaya suke faruwa? -
Yawancin lokaci, mutane suna da 46 chromosomes, waɗanda aka haɗu tare a 23 nau'i-nau'i.
Ɗaya daga cikin 23 na chromosomes sun fito ne daga mahaifiyar da sauran daga mahaifin. Mafi yawan nau'i-nau'i (44) na chromosomes an dauke su "autosomes" kuma sauran biyu sune "chromosomes na jima'i". Mata suna da karyotype na 46 XX da maza, 46 XY.
Lokacin da kwayoyin halitta suka rarraba don samar da qwai da jini a cikin tsari da ake kira daji, daya kofi na kowane chromosome yana zuwa daya daga qwai biyu ko na jini guda biyu.
Wani lokaci kuskure ya auku, kuma chromosomes biyu suna zuwa kwai ɗaya ko maniyyi kuma babu wani ɗayan.
Lokacin da maniyyi da kwai sa'annan hada (a lokacin haɗuwa) zygote za ta ƙare tare da ko dai wani samfurin chromosome (trisomy) ko nakasa wanda ya ɓace.
Trisomy zai iya faruwa bayan hadi. Kafin rabuwa, kwayoyin sun ninka chromosomes don haka suna da 92. Lokacin da tantanin halitta ya rabu, kowane ɗayan yara zai sami 46 chromosomes. Idan kuskure ya auku, ɗayan tantanin halitta zai iya ƙarewa tare da 47 chromosomes kuma ɗayan tare da 45.
Nau'in Trisomy 16
Akwai nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i: nau'i, m, da mosaic.
Cikakken ƙwayar cuta 16 - Cikakken ƙwayar mahimmanci 16 yana nufin cewa dukkanin kwayoyin jikinsu a cikin jikin ta shafi. Cikakken matsala 16 bai dace da rayuwa ba kuma kusan duk jariran da ke da yanayin sun ɓace a farkon farkon shekara.
Mutuwar Musa 16 - Haka kuma yana da yiwuwar samun mosaic trisomy 16, ma'ana wasu ɓangarorin jikin sun shafi yayin da sauran kwayoyin su na al'ada ne. Mutuwar Musa 16 na iya haifar da ƙwayar cuta ta kokarin ƙoƙarin gyara kansa a yayin da aka tantance tantanin tantanin halitta a farkon tayi na tayi, da barin wasu kwayoyin cutar amma ba wasu. An nuna yawancin Mosaic a kashi ɗaya.
Sakamako mai mahimmanci 16 - Haka ma, a lokuta masu wuya, suna da ciki wanda ƙwayoyin ɗakunan suna da cikakkun nau'in sutura 16 ko mosaic trisomy 16 ko da yake jaririn ya kasance al'ada ne na al'ada.
An san wannan a matsayin mai sukar jiki 16.
Fahimtar Karyotypes tare da Trisomy 16
An rubuta karyotype na yau da kullum kamar 46 XX ko 46 XY, tare da trisomy shine 47 XX ko 47 XY.
Trisomy 16, an rubuta shi azaman 47 XX +16 ga yarinya, ko 47 XY +16 ga yaro (tare da +16 yana nuna cewa trisomy ya ƙunshi chromosome na 16).
Za a rubuta rubutun Musa kamar kashi, misali tare da yaron da za a rubuta 47 XY +21/46 XY tare da kashi da aka ba da yawan kwayoyin halitta wanda suke da 47 XY +16 da lambar da suke 46 XY.
Sanin asali na Trisomy 16
Za a iya gane ganewar asali na ƙwayar cuta 16 bayan an yi watsi da shi, ko kuma bambanta, a lokacin daukar ciki saboda sakamakon gwaji.
Cikakken ƙwayar cuta 16 za a iya gano shi a matsayin hanyar haifuwa idan iyaye sukan tattara nama da gwaji ga abubuwan rashin haɗari na chromosomal a cikin ɓarna .
Trisomy 16 ko mosaic trisomy 16 kuma za a iya bincikarsa a lokacin daukar ciki ta hanyar samfurin ƙirar chorionic villus ( CVS ) ko amniocentesis .
Mene ne Ma'anar Rigakafi 16 Bayan Bayyana Hanya?
Cikakken nau'i na 16 kusan sau da yawa ana haifar da ɓacewar farko. Idan an gaya mana cewa abin da ya faru ne shi ne dalilin mutuwarka, ya kamata ka sani cewa rashin kuskuren ba laifi ba ne da kuma yiwuwar rashin zubar da ciki a cikin ciki mai zuwa. Kimanin kashi 85 cikin 100 na matan da suka yi hijira a farkon shekaru uku suna ci gaba da haihuwa a lokacin da suka yi juna biyu.
Trisomy 16 Sanin asali Yayi A CVS ko Amniocentesis
Idan kun kasance a halin yanzu ciki kuma kun sami CVS ko amniocentesis sakamakon binciken da aka gano a jikin kwayar cutar ta jiki 16, yana da al'ada don jin tsoro ko rikicewa. Ya kamata ku san, duk da haka, cewa yana da wuya cewa jaririn yana da cikakkun ɓangare 16 idan kwanuwarku ta ci gaba fiye da farkon shekaru uku-jariri na iya samun nau'in mosaic 16 ko ƙwayar cuta zai iya kasancewa a cikin mahaifa.
Tashin hankali na Musa 16 A lokacin da ake ciki
Yin ɗauke da jariri tare da mosaic trisomy 16 yana ɗauke da haɗarin rikice-rikice, kuma yana da muhimmanci a ga likitan ciki wanda ke ƙwarewa a cikin haɗari masu haɗari don taimakawa wajen kula da ciki. Tuna da ciki tare da ƙwararraki 16 tana ɗauke da mafi girma fiye da matsanancin hali na:
- Ci gaba da tsinkayar intrauterine
- Hanyar ciki ta haifar da hawan jini (preeclampsia ko toxemia)
- C-sashe bayarwa
- Neonatal m kulawa naúrar shiga bayan bayarwa
Abun da ke faruwa a cikin jarirai da ƙwararraki ta jiki 16 ko ƙaddarar ƙwayar cuta 16
Babu bincike da yawa game da sakamakon da aka samu a ko wane mikiic trisomy 16 ko trisomy 16 daga cikin ƙwayar placenta (rabuwa mai tsauri 16), amma binciken da ke samuwa yana nuna cewa jariran da ke ciki ba sa wahala da wahala.
Daga cikin jariran da aka haife su tare da ƙwayar cuta 16, sha'anin lafiyar jiki na iya bambanta yadu bisa nauyin mosaicism. A wasu lokuta ana haife jarirai ba tare da shaidar wani mummunan abu ba yayin da wasu zasu iya samun yanayin halayyar matsalar lafiya. Kusan kashi 60 cikin dari na waɗannan yara zasu sami shaida na akalla wasu ƙwayoyin cuta wadanda zasu iya hada da:
- Ciwon zuciya (cututtukan zuciya) - Cutar ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwayar cuta tana cikin kusan kashi 17 cikin 100 na waɗannan jariri da kuma gurfanar da asibiti (ASD) a cikin kashi 10 cikin dari.
- Hypospadias - Hypospadias yana da yanayin da bude namijin urethra ba a ƙarshen azzakari ba amma a wani wuri tare da igiya.
- Damarar fuskar ido irin su wuyan wuyansa, goshin goshi, da / ko hanci da aka nuna.
- Abnormal respiratory irin su kananan (hypoplastic) huhu.
- Kwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta irin su scoliosis.
- Tashin hankali ko rashin cigaba, amma wannan ya zama banda.
Sakamakon lokaci mai tsawo na Yara tare da Tashin hankali na Musa 16
Duk da matsalolin tashin ciki da kuma tasiri na halayen da suka faru a kusan kashi 60 cikin dari, wani nau'i na 2017 ya kawo bayanin karfafawa game da lafiyar yara da yara masu tsauri 16. Yarar shekaru masu zuwa da yara 16, kashi 80 cikin 100 sun iya halartar ɗalibai . Nazarin neman lafiyar jiki, lafiyar zuciya, da kuma rayuwar rayuwa sunyi ƙarfafawa, yana nuna cewa mafi yawan waɗannan yara sun sha tsakanin 80 zuwa 90 a kan ma'auni 100 na rayuwa mafi kyau.
Gudanarwa na Ciki da Trisomy na Mosa 16
Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, akwai matsaloli masu ciki da yawa da suka fi dacewa tare da jariri tare da ƙananan hanyoyi 16. Ƙungiyar likita mai ƙwayar cuta ko wanda ke da ƙwarewa a cikin haɗari mai haɗari yana da mahimmanci.
Koyo game da yanayin zai taimake ka ka shirya, musamman sanin cewa yawancin yara da aka haifa tare da mosaic trisomy 16 sun ci gaba da samun lafiya na jiki da na zuciya yayin da suka girma.
Ganin likita na kiwon lafiya na al'ada wanda ya saba da mahaukaciyar ƙwayoyin cuta na jiki zai iya taimakawa sosai, don tabbatar da gaskiyar cewa babu wani abu da ka aikata wanda ya haifar da yanayin, kuma ya taimake ka ka daidaita da samun yarinya wanda zai iya samun damuwa.
Koyo game da Trisomy 16 da Nazarin Halittar Bayanan Bayan Abun Tashi
Ko da kuwa duk wani nazari ko tsinkaya, yana da al'ada don jin dadi kuma suna da tambayoyi lokacin da gwaji ya nuna cewa akwai matsaloli tare da jariri. Idan kun koyi cewa jaririn da kuka yi bace yana da mahimmanci 16, shawarwari na kwayoyin iya taimakawa sosai. Kamar dai yadda yake ɗauke da yara tare da mosaic trisomy 16 shi ne bazuwar, da ciwon ɓoye da ya shafi cututtuka 16 a cikin tayin ba wani abu ne da kayi ba.
Sauran Trisomies
Akwai mutane da yawa daban-daban, wadanda ba su dace da rayuwa da sauransu ba. Zai yiwu mafi kyau da aka sani shi ne Down syndrome (trisomy 21). Kamar yadda yake tare da ƙwayar cuta 16, mafi yawan waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta shine cututtuka bazuwar kuma basu iya yiwuwa su yi magana a cikin ciki ba.
Rafin Ƙasa a kan Trisomy 16, Abokan aure, da Haihuwa
Tare da cike da ɓacin rai 16, rashin kuskure yakan faru a farkon farkon watanni uku, kuma yanayin ya zama daidai da rayuwa. Yayinda yake koyo game da wannan ganewar yana da damuwa, yana iya ƙarfafa wasu iyaye su fahimci cewa babu wani abu da suka aikata don haifar da rashin lafiya, kuma damar samun ciwon ciki 16 a wani ciki ba abu ba ne.
Da mosaic trisomy 16, labarai ya zama mafi ƙarfafa fiye da tunani a baya. Babu shakka akwai karin rikitarwa da tayi tare da tayin da ke da ƙwayar cuta 16, kuma akwai mummunan tasiri na rashin lafiyar jiki, amma tsawon lokaci na jiki, na hankali, da kuma tunanin mutum na waɗannan yara suna da kyau sosai.
Sources
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- Chareonsirisuthigul, T., Worawishawong, S., Parinayok, R., Promosonthi, P. da B. Rerkamnuaychoke. Tsarin tsire-tsire na intrauterine tare da tsinkaya 16 Mosaicism. Rahoton Rahoto a cikin Genetics . 2014. 2014: 739513.
- Kliegman, Robert M., Bonita Stanton, St Geme III Joseph W., Nina Felice. Schor, Richard E. Behrman, da Waldo E. Nelson. Nelson Littafin rubutu na Pediatrics. 20th Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2015. Print.
- Sparks, T., Thao, K., da M. Norton. Tashin hankali na Mutum 16: Mene ne sakamakon ƙananan yara da ƙananan yara? . Genetics a Medicine . 2017 Afr 6. (Epub gaba da bugu).
- Spencer, K., M, M., Bonacquisto, L., Mills, E., Turner, S., Donalson, K., da J. Jonsson. Na farko-Tambaya na Trisomy 16 Yin amfani da Hanyayyayyayyayyayyayyayyayyayyayyayyayyayyayyayyayyayyayyayyayyayyun halittu da duban dan tayi. Prenatal ganewar asali . 2014. 34 (3): 291-5.
- Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatar Medicine ta Amurka. Ma'anar Gidajen Genetics. Chromosome 16. An sabunta 0404/17.