Abin da kuke buƙatar sani
Yawancin ciki a cikin kusan makonni 40. An haifi jariran da aka haifa a tsakanin makonni 37 da 42 na cikakken lokaci. Yara da aka haifa kafin zuwan makonni 37 da aka bayyana a matsayin wanda bai kai ba.
A halin yanzu, zancen magana ta hanzari an saita ma'anar viability a gwargwadon makonni 23. A asibitoci da yawa wannan shine cutoff na sa'a a cikin ƙoƙari na ceton rayayyen jariri da aka haifa ba tare da dadewa ba.
Duk da haka, wannan ƙaddamarwa ne mai mahimmanci bisa ga daidaituwa da kuma tunawa da kwanakin zai iya kashewa ta 'yan makonni a kowace hanya. Mai jaririn da aka haife shi a ko kafin makonni 23 yana buƙatar buƙatar saƙo mai mahimmanci, haɗaka na numfashi, ciwo mai wulakanci, da kuma wani lokaci mai mahimmanci a cikin Ƙananan Kulawa na Neonatal.
Rajistar Haihuwa na Farko
- Yawancin kashi 11.4 cikin 100 na dukan ciki suna ƙare a farkon farautar.
- Kimanin yara 450,000 a Amurka kadai an haife su nan da nan kuma an haifi jarirai miliyan 15 a cikin duniya - wato 1 a cikin 10!
- 80 da kashi dari na haihuwar haihuwa ba a tsammani ba.
- Kimanin 45-50% na haihuwar haihuwa sune idiopathic. (ba a sani ba)
- 30% suna da alaƙa da raguwa da ƙwayoyin membranes. (PROM)
- 15-20% ana danganta su ne zuwa alamun da aka nuna (misali: preeclampsia, abruption, IUGR) ko kuma isar da zaɓin farko.
"Ayyukan da suka haifar da haihuwa ba a fahimta ba tukuna, duk da cewa ana tunanin cewa ilimin ilimin halittu ya kasance mai yawa.
Yana da, duk da haka, rashin tabbacin ko haifuwar haihuwa ta haifar da haɗuwa da hanyoyi da yawa ko kuma tasiri na kowane hanya. Abubuwan da suke da alaka da haihuwa a cikin haihuwa sun hada da yanayin kiwon lafiya na mahaifi ko tayin, halayen kwayoyin, tasirin muhalli, cututtuka na rashin haihuwa, yanayin hali da kuma zamantakewa, da dai sauransu (wanda ya shafi likita ko magani). "(WHO)
Shin, kun san?
- Rahoton da ba a haifa ba a Amurka ya bar ta na bakwai a jere, zuwa kashi 11.4 na dukan haihuwa a shekarar 2013.
- Wannan shi ne mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin shekaru 17! Manufar gwamnatin tarayya ita ce ta rage yawan haihuwa daga cikin kashi 12.7 cikin dari a 2007 zuwa kashi 11.4 cikin 2020. Sabbin mahimmanci sun nuna cewa kasar ta fara kai hari shekaru bakwai da wuri.
- Har ila yau Amurka na da ɗaya daga cikin ƙimar da aka fi girma na haihuwa na kowace ƙasa mai zurfi
- Kurancin likita don jaririn da aka haifa ba tare da dadewa ba game da kimanin $ 54,000, idan aka kwatanta da $ 4,000 don jariri, cikakkiyar jariri.
- Tsarin haihuwa na haihuwa ya kasance mafi girman kai tsakanin wasu launin fatar da kabilanci a Amurka, ciki har da baƙar fata, 'yan ƙasar Amirka da' yan asalin Safan. Rahotanni na haihuwa a tsakanin matan da ba a sanya su ba, sun fi girma fiye da matsakaicin matsakaicin kasa (kashi 19.8 cikin 2013.)
Kashi na Halitta a Girman Girma (kimanin)
- Fiye da kashi 70 cikin dari na jariran da ba a haifa ba ne aka haifa tsakanin 34 zuwa 36 makonni gestation.
- Kashi 12 cikin 100 na jariran da ba a haifa ba a haife su tsakanin 32 da 33 makonni gestation.
- Kashi 10 cikin 100 na jariran da ba a haifa ba a haife su tsakanin makonni 28 zuwa 32.
- Kashi 6 cikin 100 na jariran da ba a haifa ba a haife su kafin makonni 28.
Tarukan Survival (kamar yadda ya danganci abubuwa masu yawa)
- Baban da aka haifi makonni 23 yana da kashi 17 cikin dari na rayuwa.
- Baban da aka haife shi a cikin makonni 24 yana da damar kashi 39 bisa dari na rayuwa.
- Baban da aka haifa a makonni 25 suna da damar samun damar rayuwa ta kashi 50.
- Baban da aka haifa a makonni 26 yana da kashi 80 bisa dari na rayuwa.
- Baban da aka haifa a makonni 27 yana da kashi 90 bisa dari na rayuwa.
- Baban da aka haifa a tsakanin makonni 28 zuwa 30 yana da kashi 90-95 bisa dari damar rayuwa.
- Baban da aka haifa a tsakanin makonni 32-33 yana da kashi 95 bisa dari na rayuwa.
- Yawancin jariran da aka haifa makonni 34 ko mafi girma suna da irin wannan rayuwa ta zama jariri.
Matsalar rayuwa ta karuwa yayin da ciki ya ci gaba. Da kowane mako mai jariri ya kasance a cikin mahaifa damar samun bunkasa da cigaba.
Duk da haka, shekarun haihuwa ba shine ainihin mahimmancin dalilin rayuwa ba saboda jariran da aka haifa tun da wuri. Abubuwa masu yawa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yadda jariri zaiyi ciki har da nauyin haihuwar haihuwa, rikitarwa na ciki irin su raunin daji, kamuwa da cuta, da kuma ci gaba da ƙwayar cuta ta jiki ba tare da suna kawai kawai ba. Abin farin cikin, bincike na likita da cigaba sun kara sauƙin rayuwa a cikin ƙaramin yara.
Sakamakon Sakamako (kimanin)
Rahoton kashi bisa la'akari da jariran da aka haife kafin a yi makonni 26:
- Wadanda zasu iya haifar da sakandare mai tsanani a farkon haihuwa - 22%
- Wadanda zasu iya haifar da rashin ƙarfi ko kuma bukatun musamman daga ba a haifa ba - 24%
- Wadanda zasu iya samar da rashin lafiya- 34%
- 20% na dukan waɗanda aka haife su a makonni 26 ko kuma a baya ba za su sami sakamako mai tsawo ba daga farfadowarsu.
Bisa ga shekarun jima'i da nauyin haihuwa, jariran da ba a haifa ba an sanya su a cikin ƙananan fannoni na muni, matsakaici, da matsananciyar matsala:
M: Babbobi da aka haifa tsakanin 33 da 36 makonni gestation da / ko suna da nauyin haihuwa tsakanin 1500g-2000g (3lbs 5oz da 5lbs 8oz)
Matsakaici : Yara da aka haifa a tsakanin makonni 28 zuwa 32 da nauyin haihuwa tsakanin 1000g-1500g (2lbs 3oz da 3lbs 5oz)
Girma : An haifi jariran kafin makonni 28 ko kuma waɗanda suke da nauyin haihuwa fiye da 1000g (2lbs 3oz)
- An haifi jaririn farko, wanda aka haifa tsakanin 34 da 37 makonni na ciki
- Preemie , wanda aka haife shi a kasa da makonni 32 na ciki
- Micro-preemie , an haifa a kasa da makonni 25 na ciki
Mahimmancin Farko
Ƙungiyar Amurka na Obstetricians da Gynecologists (ACOG) da Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) kwanan nan sun bayyana cewa suna bada shawarar yin amfani da lakabin "lokaci" a cikin ciki an maye gurbinsu da sababbin jigon shekaru.
Bisa ga sababbin kalmomi, cikakkun lokaci zai koma zuwa makonni 39 a cikin makonni 40 da kuma 6 na ciki. A baya, an dauki ciki tsakanin 37 zuwa 42 makonni an dauki cikakken lokaci.
Wannan canji ya nuna sakamakon binciken daga Cibiyar Nazarin Ƙungiyar Kula da Lafiya da Ƙwarewar Yara na NICHD, bincike game da rashin lafiyar lafiyar yara da aka haifa a 37 da 38 makonni na ciki, (an dauke shi cikakke) idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda aka haifa bayan makonni 39.
Alal misali, binciken ya nuna cewa idan aka kwatanta da jariran da aka haifa a ko bayan makonni 39 na ciki, jariran da aka haifa kafin 39 makonni sune:
- A mafi yawan hadarin da ake shigar da shi zuwa Ƙungiyar Kulawa ta Hanyar Neonatal (NICU)
- A cikin haɗari na 20% mafi girma, ciki har da numfashi, ciyarwa, da matsalolin zazzabi; sepsis (jinin jini); da kuma cututtuka
- 5% mafi kusantar samun ƙwarewar rashin ilimi ko ci gaba
- A kashi 50% mafi girma ga mutuwa a cikin shekarar farko na rayuwa
Uwar da ke da shi a ko bayan makonni 39 na ciki suna da kyakkyawan sakamako fiye da iyaye mata waɗanda ke kaiwa kafin makonni 39.
New Categories kamar yadda NICHD ya bayyana:
- Kalmar farko: makonni 37 a cikin makonni 38 da kwanaki 6
- Cikakken lokaci: makonni 39 a cikin makonni 40 da kwanaki 6
- Yawancin lokaci: makonni 41 a cikin makonni 41 da kwanaki 6
- Bayanin lokaci: makonni 42 da baya
Shahararrun Mashawarta na Jiya da Yau
- Napoleon Bonaparte: haife shi a shekarar 1769 shine daya daga cikin manyan shugabanni a tarihi. An lura da ɗan ƙaramin mutum ne sakamakon sakamakon haihuwa.
- Victor Hugo : babban mawallafin Faransanci, wanda aka fi sani da shi don ƙirƙirar Les Miserable, ya kasance mai daraja a cikin 1802
- Mark Twain: Wani marubucin marubucin Amirka wanda aka haife shi a 1835, ya haifa watanni 2 da suka wuce.
- Sidney Poitier: Mai shahararren wasan kwaikwayo, mai shirya fina-finai, mai kunnawa.
- Winston Churchill: Wani dan siyasar Birtaniya da kuma jihohi, an haife shi watanni 2 ba a shekarar 1874 ba.
- Albert Einstein : An haife shi ba a Jamus a watan Maris na 1879. Einstein ya fuskanci ƙananan yara a wani lokaci inda neonatology ya kasance babu wani abu kuma ya ci gaba da samun nasarori masu ban sha'awa a cikin lissafi da kimiyya.
- Anna Pavlova : Haihuwar watanni 2 ba ta kai ba a shekara ta 1881 kuma ya girma har ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan ballerinas a duniya.
- Patrick Bouvier Kennedy : An haifi ɗan jarida na 3 na Jacqueline da John F. Kennedy a makonni 34 kuma ya mutu a kwana biyu saboda cutar ta Hernine, wanda aka fi sani da Raunin Cutar Rigaka ko RDS. RDS yana daya daga cikin matsaloli na yau da kullum da aka saba da shi. Asarar jariri na farko ya haifar da al'umma sosai kuma ya kai ga fitarwa na jama'a da na masu zaman kansu don bincike na likita wanda ke haifar da maganin tayar da hankali a cikin jariran da aka haife su tare da tsoran huhu.
- Mutuwar Stevie : Shahararrun dan wasan Amurka wanda aka haife shi a 1950 kuma ya kasance daga cikin jarirai da ba a haifa ba a cikin shekaru 40 da 50 da yanayin da ake kira Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) wanda ya sa ya rasa asirinsa a matsayin jariri. Harkasa na ci gaba a hankali a yau sun rage ragowar ROP a cikin jariran da aka haife su nan da nan.
- Isaac Newton : Masanin kimiyya da mai kirkiro wanda ya bayyana dokoki na nauyi. An haife shi a shekara ta 1643, ƙananan ya isa ya zama cikin jigun magunguna, a cewar mahaifiyarsa.
- Charles Darwin: Masanin kimiyya da masanin kimiyyar Ingila- wanda ya samo asalin ka'idar juyin halitta.
- Pablo Picasso: Mai zane-zane da kuma Mutanen Espanya- sanannen shahararrun mashahuri, mai bugawa, mai yalwatawa.
- Michael J. Fox: dan wasan kwaikwayo na Canada, marubucin, mai tsara, da kuma mai aiki.
- Wayne Brady : ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Amirka, mawaƙa, dan wasan kwaikwayo da talabijin; An haife shi watanni uku.
- Phillip Phillips: Mawaki da kuma lashe American Idol 2012. An haife shi ne a 1990 kuma kusan bai yi ba. Ya yi fama da matsalolin kwayoyi kuma an ce shi mai tsira ne NEC.
Lissafi na yanzu
Wasu shahararren shahararrun sanannun sunaye ne kawai a duniya saboda yawan haihuwa:
- Rumaisa Rahman, wanda aka haife shi a watan Satumba na 2004 a cikin asibiti a yankin Chicago yana ɗaukarda rikodin rikodin a matsayin jaririn da ya rage a duniya, yana kimanin 244 grams ko 8.6 ounces.
- James Elgin Gill, wanda aka haife shi a watan Mayu 1987 a Ottawa Canada shine jaririn da ba a taɓa haihuwa ba a duniya. Ya kasance kwanaki 128 da ba a kai ba a makonni 21 da kuma gestation 5 days. James ya auna 644g ko 1lb 6oz. Ya tsira kuma an bayar da rahoton lafiya a cikin shekaru 20.
- An kuma ambaci Amillia Taylor a matsayin dan jariri. An haife shi a watan Oktobar 2006 a Miami Florida a makonni 21 da kuma gestation 6. A lokacin haihuwarta, tana da inci 9 da nisan kilo 233g ko 10.
Akwai hanyoyi biyu kawai don rayuwarka. Ɗaya yana kamar babu wani abin mu'ujiza. Sauran yana kamar duk wani abin al'ajabi ne. " - Albert Einstein
> Bayanan
> Rashin tasiri na haihuwa a cikin al'umma | Maris na Dimes. (nd). An dawo daga http://www.marchofdimes.org/mission/the-economic-and-societal-costs.aspx
> Maris na Dimes. (nd). An dawo daga http://www.marchofdimes.org/materials/premature-birth-report-card-united-states.pdf
> PeriStats | Maris na Dimes. (nd). An dawo daga http://www.marchofdimes.org/peristats/Peristats.aspx
> Lambar Zuwa Na Farko | Ƙididdigar Ƙira. (nd). An dawo daga http://www.statisticbrain.com/premature-birth-statistics/
> Farfesa a Haihuwa: Dalilai, Dalilai, da Tsarin Gida - Matsayi na haihuwa - NCBI Bookshelf. (nd). An dawo daga http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11386/
> BABI NA BUGA A CIKIN GASKIYA KUMA. (nd). An dawo daga http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2496946/
> Kasuwanci - Bayanan Bincike - Lamba 39 - Mayu 2010. (n). An dawo daga http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db39.htm
> Tarihi game da Haihuwar Farko - RightDiagnosis.com. (nd). An dawo daga http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/p/premature_birth/stats.htm
> WHO | Fara haihuwa. (nd). An dawo daga http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs363/en/