Wani nau'i na gwaje-gwaje na intanet wanda zai iya tantance wasu yanayi.
Amniocentesis, sau da yawa gajarta zuwa amnio, wani gwaji ne da aka yi tsakanin 15 zuwa 20 makonni na ciki. Wannan hanya ya shafi cire ƙananan ruwa mai amniotic (ruwan dake kewaye da tayin tayi) daga mahaifa. Za'a iya jarraba ruwan hawan mahaifa don sanin ko tayin yana da wasu irin lahani na chromosomal.
Menene Yake faruwa a lokacin Amniocentesis?
A lokacin amniocentesis, an yi amfani da duban dan tayi don ganin jariri.
Sa'an nan, an sanya ƙwayar buƙata ta bakin ciki a cikin ƙananan ƙwayar kuma an cire karamin adadin (game da daya ounce) na ruwa mai amniotic.
Ruwan amniotic yana dauke da fuka-fuka na fuka-fuka da suka fadi da kuma suna iyo a cikin ruwa mai amniotic. Ana daukar wadannan fata zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje kuma an gwada gwajin karyotype don samar da hoto na chromosomes yaron. Za a iya yin gwajin samfurori a cikin samfurori (FISH).
Menene Yara Gwajin Halitta?
Gaba ɗaya, jarrabawar amniocentesis don abubuwa uku:
- ƙananan cututtuka irin su Down syndrome
- ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin jiki irin su spina bifida da anencephaly
- hadadden kwayoyin halitta irin su cystic fibrosis, anemia sickle cell, da cutar Tay-Sachs
Dukkan gwajin FISH da karyotyping sunyi nazari akan chromosomes din tayin don tantance ko tayi yana da Down syndrome ko wani trisomy. Down syndrome, wanda ake kira trisomy 21, ita ce mafi yawan rashin ƙarancin nakasar kamuwa da cuta kuma an haifar shi ta hanyar samun karin kwafin chromosome 21.
Gwajin FISH ba ya ba ku cikakken hoto game da dukkanin chromosomes ba, amma zai iya ba ku amsa mai sauri game da trisomies. Sakamako na jarrabawar FISH na kullum ana samuwa a cikin kwanaki 1 zuwa 2. Karyotype yana daukan tsawon (makonni biyu zuwa uku), amma ya ba ku cikakken bayani game da chromosomes jaririn.
Amniocentesis kuma gwaje-gwaje don sauran abubuwan rashin halayen chromosome ciki har da trisomy 18 da trisomy 13. Gwaji yana gano sama da kashi 99 cikin 100 na duk wani mummunan halayen kwakwalwa. Bugu da ƙari, nazarin amniocentesis don ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta, irin su spina bifida da anencephaly, ta hanyar aunawa mai gina jiki wanda ake kira alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), wanda ke gano kashi 96 na dukkan nau'o'in ƙwayoyin maganin ƙananan.
Da aka ce, ba amniocentesis ko chorionic villi samfur (CVS) iya gwaji ga dukan lahani haihuwa. Saboda haka yayin da sakamakon al'ada daga amniocentesis sun kasance mai ƙarfafawa, ba su tabbatar da cewa yaro zai kasance lafiya.
Idan kun damu game da wasu cututtukan kwayoyin cuta, kuna iya tambayar likitanku ko kuma mai ba da shawara na kodayake idan jarrabawar ciki take samuwa ga wannan cuta.
Samun Amniocentesis
Yawancin matan suna mamakin irin yadda rashin amniocentesis yake. Yayinda wasu mata suna da matsala mai wuya ko kuma damuwa a yayin aikin, mafi yawan basu ji zafi ba. Hanyar yana da sauri, kuma ana yin amfani da duban dan tayi a ko'ina cikin hanya don duba matsayi na jariri kuma don tabbatar da cewa allurar ba ta taɓa ɗan jariri ba.
Lokacin da ka karɓi sakamako na amniocentesis, ya kamata ka yi magana da likitanka ko kuma tare da kwararren likitancin abin da sakamakonka ya nufi.
Yana da mahimmanci don samun cikakken bayani game da duk wani ganewar asali da ka samu daga amniocentesis.
Yaya Amniocentesis Ya Sauya Daga Cillionic Villi Sampling (CVS)?
Dukkanin amniocentesis da samfurori na chorionic suna binciko gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje ne kawai kuma kana buƙatar samun ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan hanyoyi lokacin da kake ciki. Duk da yake gwaje-gwaje biyu suna ba ka bayani game da chromosomes na jariri, akwai wasu bambance-bambance masu yawa tsakanin hanyoyin.
An amniocentesis bambanta daga chorionic villi samfur (CVS) a cikin hanyoyi biyu:
- Lokaci - An yi amniocentesis daga baya a ciki, a lokacin na biyu. An yi yawanci tsakanin 15 zuwa 20 makonni na ciki. An gwada gwajin CVS, a gefe guda, a farkon farkon watanni, tsakanin 10 zuwa 13 makonni na ciki.
- Sakamakon da aka samu - Dukkanin amniocentesis da samfurori na chorionic za su ba ku hoto na kyamosomes na tayi wanda zai gano ƙwayar Down syndrome tare da mafi girma cewa kashi 99 cikin dari. Duk da haka, tare da amniocentesis, an auna abin da ake kira alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) . Adadin AFP a cikin ruwa mai amniotic zai iya taimakawa wajen ƙayyade idan tayin yana da nakasasshen motsa jiki irin su spina bifida ko anencephaly.
Shekaru da yawa, ana tunanin amniocentesis yana da mummunar haɗari na rashin kuskure idan aka kwatanta da CVS. Duk da haka, yanzu an sani cewa hadarin rashin haɗuwa saboda waɗannan hanyoyi ne kamar haka low-about 1/300 zuwa 1/500, lokacin da wani wanda ya shahara tare da duk hanyoyi guda biyu.
> Sources:
> Cibiyar Kasuwancin Amurka ta Obstetricians da Gynecologists (ACOG). (Satumba 2015). Gwaje-gwaje na gwaji don Raunin Haihuwa.