Abun ƙari shine yanayin da tantanin halitta yake da adadin ƙwayoyin chromosomes. Abun tsaiko shine mawuyacin dalilin lalacewa, musamman ma a lokacin da aka fara ciki.
Fahimtar Chromosomes
Don fahimtar abin da ke faruwa a yanzu, za a buƙaci ka fara koya game da chromosomes. Chromosomes sune tsarin da ke dauke da DNA. Sun kasance a cikin ɗakunan kwayoyin halitta.
Kwayoyin halitta na al'ada suna da 46 chromosomes sun hada da nau'i-nau'i 23 na chromosome. Rabin mu na chromosomes sun fito ne daga iyayenmu da sauran rabi daga iyayenmu.
Kwanni biyu na biyu da ake kira chromosome, wanda ake kira autosomes, suna cikin maza a cikin mata. Hakan na 23 ya ƙunshi jinsin chromosomes. A cikin mata, wannan nau'i na biyu ne X chromosomes. A cikin maza, wannan nau'i ne na X da y Y.
Mene Ne An Yi Magana?
Yayinda kwayar halitta ta samu nau'i uku na wani chromosome (sakamakon 47 chromosomes duka) ko daya kwafi na wani chromosome (sakamakon 45 chromosomes). Wani karin kwafin chromosome ana kira trisomy; Ana kiransa wani ɓataccen ɓataccen ɓangaren jiki.
Duk wani canji a yawan adadin chromosomes a cikin kwayar halitta ko kwayar halitta zai iya rinjayar sakamakon sakamakon ciki. Wasu samuwa suna iya haifar da haihuwar haihuwa, amma wasu suna mutuwa a farkon farkon shekaru uku kuma basu iya kaiwa ga jariri mai kyau.
An kiyasta cewa fiye da kashi 20 cikin dari na ciki za su iya yin wani sabon abu.
Yawancin wadannan hauka ba su da karfi kuma saboda haka ba zai haifar da jaririn ba.
Kafin mako na goma na ciki, zub da jini shine mafi mahimmanci na haddasa rikici.
Dalilin
Harkokin muhalli na iya haifar da ƙananan halayen chromosomal, amma masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa mafi yawan lokuta na haifar da sakamakon sakewa daga kurakuran da bazuwar a cikin radiyo.
Yawancin lokutan, koda lokacin da gwajin chromosomal bayan fitowar jiki ya nuna cewa jaririn ya shawo kansa, sabuntawar ba zata sake komawa cikin ciki ba.
Ta yaya Trisomies ke shafi ciki
Trisomies (wani karin kwafin chromosome) sun fi na kowa fiye da labaran (wani ɓataccen ɓata). Mafi yawan tisomies haifar da zubar da ciki. A gaskiya, suna da alhakin kusan kashi 35 cikin 100 na rashin kuskure.
Kasa da kashi ɗaya cikin dari na mutanen da aka haife su tare da tisomies. Akwai manyan cututtukan kiwon lafiya na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin waɗannan mutane.
Sai kawai ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta zasu iya haifar da haihuwa. Mafi yawanci shine ƙwayar cuta 21, wanda ake kira Down syndrome. Sauran abosomies guda biyu (wadanda ba a jima'i ba tare da jima'i) burbushin da wasu lokuta sukan haifar da jariri ne 13 da 18. Abin baƙin ciki, jariran da aka haifa tare da wadannan kwayoyin cutar ba sa tsira.
Baban da aka haifa tare da wasu jima'i suna iya rayuwa zuwa girma. Mace da aka haifa tare da X X-chromosomes da kuma Y Yayadda suna da ciwo na Klinefelter, wanda ya fi dacewa bayan Down syndrome. Maza za su iya rayuwa tare da X da biyu Yy chromosomes da mata tare da X X chromosomes.
Amma gameda rikice-rikice - akasin wariyar launin fata - daya ne kawai sakamakon haifuwar haihuwa.
Wannan wata cuta ce ta X a cikin mata, wanda ake kira Turner's syndrome .
Har ila yau An san Kamar: Abubuwanda ke faruwa, Trisomy, Monosomy, Chromosome Abnormality
Sources:
Yawancin chromosomes mutane suke da su? Ma'anar Gidajen Genetics. Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatar Medicine ta Amurka. Fabrairu 1, 2016.
Chromosomes Fact Sheet. Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Jinsin Dan Adam. Yuni 16, 2015.
O'Connor, C. (2008) Abun ciki: Chromosomal: Anuploidies. Ilimi na Yanayi 1 (1): 172
Rai, R., Regan, L. (2006). Maimaita kuskure. Lancet.