Yin nazari akan tashi a cikin haihuwar haihuwarsa
Shin akwai wasu tagwaye a duniya? An yi la'akari da cewa an sami karuwa a cikin tagwaye a tsawon shekaru, akasarin danganci jiyya. Amma karuwa a cikin haihuwar haihuwar ma'ana ba kawai ƙwararrun ba, amma har ma yawancin tsari mai yawa, kamar guda uku , mahadodi da sauransu. Kuma yayin da ake kula da ciwon haihuwa, akwai wasu bambancin a cikin yawan haihuwa, kuma wasu sun ragu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
Duk da haka, kamar alama akwai tagwaye duk inda kake juya; watakila ku lura da ƙari da yawa
sau biyu a cikin magunguna ko mafi yawan labarai a cikin kafofin watsa labaran daga iyaye masu farin ciki suna bikin haihuwar tagwaye. Television tana nuna "Kate Plus Huɗu" (da "Jon da Kate Plus Huɗu") ko "Texas Multi Mamas" suna haskakawa akan yawan haihuwa. Makarantu suna yin rikodin rikodin jinsuna da yawa da kuma wrestle dalibai tare da batun fitowar aji . Har ila yau, haɓaka ma'aurata sun haɗu da dokoki don tabbatar da kare hakkin 'yan tagwaye a makaranta.
Da karuwa a cikin tagwaye
Binciken bincike na 2012 ya ɗauki bayanan da ya dace a kan bayanai kuma ya kafa wasu abubuwa game da karuwa a cikin jima'i na haihuwa a Amurka tsakanin 1980 zuwa 2009. Cibiyar Nazarin Lafiya ta Duniya (NCHS) takaice daga Janairu 2012 ya bada bayanin da ke ciki:
- A cikin 1980, 1 a cikin 53 jariran ya kasance tagwaye.
- A shekara ta 2009, 1 a cikin 30 yara jariri ne.
Wannan yana wakiltar kashi 76 cikin dari a cikin shekaru talatin daga 1980 zuwa 2009. Binciken ya kiyasta cewa an haife ma'aurata 865,000 fiye da shekaru talatin fiye da idan jima'i na haihuwa bai karu ba a shekarun nan.
Don sanya wannan cikin wasu sharuddan:
- A shekara ta 1980, jima'i na haihuwa ya kasance 18.9 / 1,000 .
- A shekara ta 2009, jima'i na haihuwa ya kasance 33.3 / 1,000 .
- A cikin shekarar 2014, jima'i na haihuwa ya kasance 33.9 / 1,000.
A waɗannan sharuɗɗa, a fili yake cewa jima'i na haihuwa ya karu daga kasa da kashi 2 cikin dari na jariran da aka haifa a 1980 zuwa fiye da kashi 3 cikin dari na jariran da aka haifa a 2009.
Bayan shekara ta 2009, ƙimar karuwa ba ta ci gaba da tashi a lokaci ɗaya ba. Ya kasance barga kuma dan kadan ya ragu daga shekara ta 2009-2012 zuwa 33.1. Sa'an nan kuma, a cikin shekarar 2014, ya tashi kadan zuwa wani sabon abu na 33.9. Ka tuna, duk da haka, an ƙidaya wannan lambar bisa bisa yawan yawan haihuwar haihuwa (singleton + multiple) a cikin shekara da aka ba. Ainihin adadin ma'aurata ne kawai dan kadan ya fi girma, kamar yadda yawancin haihuwar aka haɓaka.
Ga lambobin:
- A 2007 , akwai yara 4,316,233. Daga cikin wadanda, 138,961 sun kasance tagwaye. Yawan jima'i na biyu shine 32.2.
- A cikin shekara ta 2014 , akwai yara 3,988,076. Daga cikinsu, 135,336 sun kasance tagwaye. Yawan jima'i na biyu shine 33.9.
Akwai kananan jinsuna da aka haifa a cikin shekarar 2014 fiye da 2007, amma akwai maƙalar haihuwar haihuwa.
Yau da Haihuwar Haihuwa a Ƙasar Amirka
Dukkanin yankunan Amurka sun sami rinjaye a cikin jima'i na haihuwa, amma rates ya ci gaba da bambanta tsakanin jihohi.
Wannan ginshiƙi yana nuna nau'in haifuwa na juna biyu a kowace jihohin Amurka, kwatanta ƙididdigar a 1980 da 2009 kuma canjin canji a cikin shekaru. Yawan kuɗi ya tashi daga kashi 50 cikin jihohi 43 da jihohi na Columbia, da jihohin biyar (Connecticut, Hawaii, Massachusetts, New Jersey, da kuma Rhode Island) sun ga karuwar ya karu da kashi 100 cikin dari.
Jihohin da aka haifa a cikin shekara ta 2014 sune:
- New Jersey (44.3 / 1,000)
- Massachusetts (43.3 / 1,000)
- Connecticut (40 / 1,000)
- New Hampshire (39.4 / 1,000)
- New York (37.9 / 1,000)
Jihohin da aka haifa a cikin shekara ta 2014 sune:
- New Mexico (25.2 / 1,000)
- Arizona (27.7 / 1,000)
- Alaska (28.5 / 1,000)
- Dakota ta kudu (28.2 / 1,000)
- Vermont (29 / 1,000)
Dalili don Ƙarawa a Twins
Don haka menene ya bayyana kara yawan yawan tagwaye? Mutane da yawa suna zaton cewa kawai ƙãra amfani da fasaha na haihuwa. Duk da haka, binciken ya gano wani muhimmin tasiri. An gano dalilai da dama don taimakawa wajen bunkasa mahaifa. Ɗaya daga cikin binciken da ke tattare da yawan ƙimar kiba tare da ƙarawa a twinning, yana nuna cewa mata da yawa ko mata masu tsayi suna iya samun ma'aurata.
Nazarin nazarin jima'i na 2012 da aka yi a shekarar 2012 ya nuna shekarun haihuwa ne a matsayin jagoran da ke haifar da karuwa a cikin tagwaye. Mafi girma yawan ƙwayar haifuwa a cikin mata a cikin shekaru talatin. Ya ce "A tarihin tarihi, jima'i na haihuwa sun taso tare da ci gaba da shekarun haihuwa, suna da shekaru 35-39 kuma suna raguwa daga baya (4). Tun daga shekarar 1997, yawancin mata sun fi girma a cikin mata 40s." Nazarin ya kwatanta bambanci a cikin haihuwa na jima biyu bisa ga shekaru. A 2009:
- Mata masu shekaru 40 ko fiye: kashi 7 cikin dari na dukkan haihuwar su ne bawa biyu
- Mata 35-49: kashi 5 cikin dari na haihuwar su ne bayarwa biyu
- Mata a karkashin shekaru 25: kashi 2 cikin haihuwa na haihuwar su ne bayarwa biyu.
Wannan haɓaka ya dace ne zuwa matsawa a cikin rarraba shekarun mata na haihuwa a cikin shekaru talatin na binciken. A ina ne kawai kashi 20 cikin dari na matan da suke haihuwa a 1980 sun wuce shekaru talatin, yawan mutanen suna nuna kashi 35 cikin dari na haihuwa bayan shekara 2000. "Zamu ƙara yawan shekarun haihuwa fiye da shekarun da suka gabata, (watau, ba tare da yin amfani da hanyoyin kwantar da juna ba) a cikin shekarun 30s. " Binciken binciken ya kiyasta cewa kashi ɗaya bisa uku na karuwa a cikin jima'i na haihuwar haihuwa za a iya dangana da wannan tayi a cikin shekarun haihuwa. Wannan dangantaka ya ci gaba da riƙe gaskiyar a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A cikin shekarar 2014, yawancin yawancin mahaifa sun haife su ga iyaye masu shekaru 30.
Tsirar haihuwa da kuma Gwargwadon Haihuwa
An yi amfani da maganin haihuwa a cikin mawuyacin hali a cikin hawaye, kuma wannan binciken yana goyon bayan ka'idar. Binciken na binciken rashin lafiyar haihuwa kamar yadda yake da alhakin kashi biyu cikin uku na karuwa a cikin haihuwar jima'i daga 1980 zuwa 2009. Turarrun haihuwa na haihuwa sun haɗa da daukar kayan ƙwayoyi na ƙwayoyi ko kuma hanyoyin da zasu taimakawa wajen zanawa, irin su haɗarin in vitro . Rashin tasiri na takin gargajiya yana da alaka da batun tsofaffiyar tsofaffi yayin da mata masu shekaru talatin zasu iya neman taimakon haihuwa, binciken ya yarda.
A cikin shekaru talatin da suka gabata ana binciken nauyin jima'i na haihuwa, fasahar likita ta samar da hanyoyin kwantar da hankulan haihuwa ta hanyar samun nasara. Amfani da taimakon haihuwa ya zama mafi girma a shekarun 1980 da 1990. Duk da haka, an aiwatar da matakai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan don ƙuntata yawan yawan haihuwar haihuwa wanda ya haifar da sakamakon ƙwayar haihuwa, ya gane cewa an haɗu da haihuwar juna tare da ƙananan halayen kiwon lafiya da kuma haɓaka kudade mafi girma.
Source:
Martin, JA, et al. "Shekaru uku na haihuwar juna biyu a cikin Amurka, 1980-2009." Cibiyar Nazarin Lafiya ta Duniya , 2012.
Hamilton, b., Et al. "Haihuwa: Bayanan Bayanai na 2014." Rahotanni na Tarihi na Tarihi na kasa, Disamba 23, 2015.