Zaka iya samun kamuwa da salmonella (salmonellosis) daga abinci, dabbobi, ko kuma tasirin mutum ko dabba. Yara, tsofaffi, da kuma mutanen da ke fama da rashin lafiya sun fi yawan haɗari. Koyi game da mawuyacin abubuwan da ke faruwa da kuma abubuwan haɗari don haka za ka iya hana wannan magunguna da guba.
Abubuwa masu yawa
Kwayar Salmonella ta haifar da kwayoyin cuta a cikin jinsin Salmonella , wanda ke zaune a cikin fili na intanet na mutane da dabba kuma an yada ta cikin feces.
Duk da yake wannan kwayoyin cuta bazai cutar da dabba ba, zai iya zama marasa lafiya. Mutumin da ya kamu da cutar salmonella zai iya yada shi ga sauran mutane ta hanyar feces.
Nuntyphoidal salmonella yana kaiwa ga irin salmonella gastroenteritis cututtuka. Magunguna masu cutar Typhoid suna haifar da zafin jiki, wanda ba a sani ba a Amurka amma ana iya gani a kasashe masu tasowa. Yawan daban-daban (ko bambancin bambanci) na wannan kwayar cutar suna da mahimmanci a cikin annobar cutar da cututtuka.
Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu salmonella da aka yadu: ta hanyar abincin da aka gurbata da ruwa da kuma saduwa da dabbobi masu dauke da kwayoyin.
Foodborne Salmonella Kamuwa da cuta
Kwayoyin Salmonella sun kasance a cikin tsuntsaye da yawa, ciki har da naman sa, da kaji, da kifi, kuma sukan gurbata nama, madara, ko qwai. Game da qwai, kwayoyin zasu iya zama a cikin kwasfa da waje. Rashin ruwa na ruwa ko haɗin giciye yayin sarrafawa ko shirya abinci zai iya haifar da yada kwayoyin a cikin kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itace, abincin teku, kayan yaji, da kuma abinci mai sarrafawa.
Abincin zai kashe kwayoyin, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ana amfani da ma'aunin abincin nama a lokacin da kaji dafa. Gishiri mai sutura da ruwa mai tafasa yana kashe kwayoyin.
Saduwa da Dabbobi
Zaka iya bayyanawa salmonella ta dabbobi da dabbobi da dabbobi. Idan kun yi aiki a kan ko ziyarci gona ko ku kiyaye dabbobin gona, za ku iya tuntuɓar kwayoyin cutar yayin da yake gurfanar da su, furta, fuka-fukan, da kuma ruwan karkashin kasa.
Wadannan dabbobi zasu iya bayyana tsabta da lafiya kuma har yanzu suna watsa kwayoyin. Dabbobin da aka san su yada salmonella sun hada da kaji, awaki, shanu, tumaki, da aladu. Duk da yake baza ka yi tunanin kaji na gida ba zai zama tushen wannan kwayoyin cuta, Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka (CDC) ta ruwaito kimanin lokuta 790 na salmonella sun yada wannan hanya a farkon rabin 2017. Ta kwatanta, an tabbatar da annoba guda 53 kawai daga 1990 zuwa 2014. Ayyukan noma da ke hade da hadarin salmonellosis sun hada da:
- Rashin karɓar qwai a kalla kowace rana, musamman a yanayin dumi
- Ba refrigerating da qwai daidai bayan tarin
- Ba wanke hannun bayan taɓa ko tsaftace kaza
- Kissing ko petting da kaza
- Rashin ɓoye kaji marasa lafiya
- Shuka gonaki tare da sabo ne, wanda ba zai iya cinye amfanin gona ba
Kayan dabbobi ma tushen salmonella ne. Abubuwa irin su iguanas, hanta, da kuma turtles suna da kwayar salmonella a kan fata ko harsashi. Tudun daji da sauran dabbobi masu rarrafe da salmonella ba su da lafiya kuma basu da wata alamar bayyanar. Dabbobin tsuntsaye irin su parakeets da parrots, rodents irin su hamsters da alade pig, amphibians kamar frogs da toads, shinge, karnuka, cats, da dawakai na iya zama tushen.
Bayan zubar da dabba, zaka iya karban kwayoyin daga caji, ruwa mai tanki, gado, abinci, ko kayan wasa.
Yin amfani da namun daji na iya aikawa kwayoyin. Kwayoyin rai masu zaman kansu sun taba tunanin ba su da wata haɗari, amma yanzu an sani cewa turtles na iya kawo salmonella, ko kuma zasu iya saya idan kun sanya su dabbar. Wasu dabbobin da za ku iya ɗauka sun hada da kwakwalwan daji, toads, mice, berayen, da tsuntsaye.
Saduwa da Mutane
Mutanen da ke fama da cutar salmonella za su zubar da kwayoyin a cikin furofinsu. Wadanda suka sami ciwo kada su koma kulawar yara, makaranta, ko aiki har sai awa 24 suka wuce.
Idan sun dauki abinci a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin su, kada su koma aiki har sai sa'o'i 48 suka wuce ba tare da bayyanar cututtuka ba. A wasu wurare, masu sarrafa kayan abinci ba zasu iya komawa aiki ba har sai gwaji ya nuna cewa basu da kwayar cutar. Ko da bayan sun ji daɗi sosai, wasu mutane suna cigaba da ɗaukar kwayoyin kuma sun zubar da shi. Zasu iya gurɓata wurare kuma su yada sassan germs da hannu idan basu wanke da kyau ba bayan yin amfani da gidan wanka.
Rukunin Hadarin
Ƙananan kwayoyin cuta bazai haifar da kamuwa da salmonella ba. Duk da haka, jarirai, yara a kasa da shekara biyar, mutane fiye da shekaru 65, kuma wadanda ke da tsarin kulawa da kwakwalwa suna iya samuwa da cutar salmonella bayan yadawa. Kasashe da magungunan da ke shawo kan cutar rigakafin salmonella sun hada da cutar SIDA, cututtukan ciwon sikila, malaria, corticosteroids, da kuma maganin magunguna.
Mutanen da suke daukar nauyin haɗari suna da hatsari mafi yawa yayin da kwayoyin da suka fi dacewa sun kasance suna rayuwa don isa gut. Wadanda ke tare da ciwon ƙwayar jinji na ƙwayar cuta suna cikin hadarin saboda lalacewar da ke ciki. Hakanan zaka iya zama mafi haɗari bayan shan maganin maganin rigakafi kamar yadda aka kashe kwayoyin cutar ƙuƙwalwa, ya bar wurin zama don salmonella.
Matsayin Kwayoyin Yanayin Rayuwa
Akwai abubuwa da dama da ke ƙara yawan haɗarin kwangila ko yada salmonella. Ga halaye da ayyuka don kauce wa:
- Rashin wanke hannuwanka bayan yin amfani da dakunan wanka, zanewa, ko kula da marasa lafiya
- Rashin wanke hannuwanku kafin da bayan shirya abinci da kuma bayan shan nama ko qwai
- Karɓar ko yankan nama ko qwai, sannan kuma amfani da wuka, katako, tasa, ko sauran kayan aiki don sauran kayan abinci irin su kayan lambu ko 'ya'yan itace
- Yin amfani da nama ko nama marar nama, qwai, ko kayan da ba a samar da su ba
- Ba wanke kayan 'ya'yan itace da kayan lambu ba kafin cin su
Pet Amphibians, Dabbobi, da kuma Live kaji
Abubuwa masu tasowa, dabbobi masu rarrafe, da kuma wuraren kiwon kaji masu rai suna dauke da babbar hadari kamar dabbobi. Wadannan sun hada da turtles, lizards, frogs, da kaji. Wadannan dabbobi ba za a kiyaye su a cikin gida inda yara ke da shekaru biyar ba, mutane fiye da shekaru 65, ko mutanen da ke fama da matsalolin tsarin cuta. Wadannan dabbobi ba ma a kiyaye su a wurare masu hidimar waɗannan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, kamar kulawa na rana, asibitoci, manyan cibiyoyin, ko kuma ma'aikatan kulawa. Mutanen da ke cikin wadannan hadarin ya kamata kada su taba waɗannan dabbobi, kuma su guje wa ruwa wanda wadannan dabbobi suka taɓa.
Duk yara da manya ya kamata su guji cin abinci ko sha a kusa da dabbobi a wannan rukunin. Kada ku ci ko sha a cikin dakin inda aka ajiye jakar lambun ko akwatin aquarium ko kuma inda aka yarda da jimabbar.
Duk Kayan dabbobi
Waɗannan halayen suna ƙara yawan haɗarin samun Salmonella daga Pet:
- Bayar da dabbobi a yankunan da aka shirya abincin da abin sha, an ci, ko adana
- Rashin wanke hannuwanka bayan da ya dace ko taɓa dabba, musamman ma kafin shirya ko cin abinci
- Yin watsi da tsabtataccen ruwa daga wurin zama na man fetur a cikin rushe wanda aka yi amfani dashi don shirya abinci
- Bayar da mutanen da ke cikin haɗari ga salmonella don tsabtace mazaunin dabbobi, musamman ma ba tare da sanya safofin hannu ba
- Amfani da naman alade maras tsabta don takin lambuna ko gadaje masu fure
> Sources:
> Salmonella. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/
> Salmonella Kamuwa. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/healthypets/diseases/salmonella.html.
> Salmonella Kamuwa. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/salmonella/symptoms-causes/syc-20355329.
> Salmonella Tambayoyi da Answers. USDA Abincin Abincin Abinci da Dubawa. https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-education/get-answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/foodborne-illness-and-disease/salmonella-questions- da-amsoshi.